Ravulizumab must be administered by a healthcare professional and under the supervision of aphysician experienced in the management of patients with haematological, renal, neuromuscular, orneuroinflammatory disorders.
PosologyAdult patients with PNH, aHUS, gMG, or NMOSD
The recommended dosing regimen consists of a loading dose followed by maintenance dosing,administered by intravenous infusion. The doses to be administered are based on the patient’s bodyweight, as shown in Table 1. For adult patients (≥ 18 years of age), maintenance doses should beadministered at a once every 8-week interval, starting 2 weeks after loading dose administration.
Dosing schedule is allowed to occasionally vary by ± 7 days of the scheduled infusion day (except forthe first maintenance dose of ravulizumab), but the subsequent dose should be administered accordingto the original schedule.
Table 1: Ravulizumab weight-based dosing regimen for adult patients with body weightgreater than or equal to 40 kg
Body weight range (kg) Loading dose (mg) Maintenance dose (mg)* Dosing interval≥ 40 to < 60 2,400 3,000 Every 8 weeks≥ 60 to < 100 2,700 3,300 Every 8 weeks≥ 100 3,000 3,600 Every 8 weeks
* First maintenance dose is administered 2 weeks after loading dose
Treatment initiation instructions in patients who are complement-inhibitor treatment-naïve orswitching treatment from eculizumab are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Ravulizumab treatment initiation instructions
Population Weight-based ravulizumab Time of first ravulizumab weight-loading dose based maintenance dose
Not currently on ravulizumab or At treatment start 2 weeks after ravulizumab loading doseeculizumab treatment
Currently treated with At time of next scheduled 2 weeks after ravulizumab loading doseeculizumab eculizumab dose
Paediatric patients with PNH or aHUS
Paediatric patients with body weight ≥ 40 kg
These patients should be treated in accordance with the adult dosing recommendations (See Table 1).
Paediatric patients with body weight ≥ 10 kg to < 40 kg
The weight-based doses and dosing intervals for paediatric patients ≥ 10 kg to < 40 kg are shown in
Table 3.
For patients switching from eculizumab to ravulizumab, the loading dose of ravulizumab should beadministered 2 weeks after the last eculizumab infusion, and then maintenance doses should beadministered per weight-based dosing regimen shown in Table 3, starting 2 weeks after loading doseadministration.
Table 3: Ravulizumab weight-based dosing regimen for paediatric patients with PNH oraHUS below 40 kg
Body weight range (kg) Loading dose (mg) Maintenance dose (mg)* Dosing interval≥ 10 to < 20 600 600 Every 4 weeks≥ 20 to < 30 900 2,100 Every 8 weeks≥ 30 to < 40 1,200 2,700 Every 8 weeks
* First maintenance dose is administered 2 weeks after loading dose
Ravulizumab has not been studied in paediatric patients with PNH who weigh less than 30 kg. Therecommended posology for these patients is based on the posology used for paediatric patients withaHUS, on the basis of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data available in aHUS and
PNH patients treated with ravulizumab.
PNH is a chronic disease and treatment with ravulizumab is recommended to continue for the patient’slifetime, unless the discontinuation of ravulizumab is clinically indicated (see section 4.4).
In aHUS, ravulizumab treatment to resolve thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) manifestations shouldbe for a minimum duration of 6 months, beyond which length of treatment needs to be considered foreach patient individually. Patients who are at higher risk for TMA recurrence, as determined by thetreating healthcare provider (or clinically indicated), may require chronic therapy (see section 4.4).
In adult patients with gMG or NMOSD, treatment with ravulizumab has only been studied in thesetting of chronic administration (see section 4.4).
Ravulizumab has not been studied in gMG patients with an MGFA Class V.
Supplemental dosing following treatment with plasma exchange (PE), plasmapheresis (PP), orintravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)
Plasma exchange (PE), plasmapheresis (PP) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been shownto reduce ravulizumab serum levels. A supplemental dose of ravulizumab is required in the setting of
PE, PP or IVIg (Table 4).
Table 4: Supplemental dose of ravulizumab after PP, PE, or IVIg
Most recent Supplemental dose (mg) Supplemental dose (mg)
Body weightravulizumab dose following each PE or PP following completion of anrange (kg)(mg) intervention IVIg cycle2,400 1,200≥ 40 to < 60 6003,000 1,5002,700 1,500≥ 60 to < 100 6003,300 1,8003,000 1,500≥ 1 00 6003,600 1,800
Timing of ravulizumab supplemental Within 4 hours following Within 4 hours followingdose each PE or PP intervention completion of an IVIg cycle
Abbreviations: IVIg = intravenous immunoglobulin, kg = kilogram, PE = plasma exchange, PP = plasmapheresis
Special populationsElderlyNo dose adjustment is required for patients with PNH, aHUS, gMG, or NMOSD aged 65 years andover. There is no evidence indicating any special precautions are required for treating a geriatricpopulation - although experience with ravulizumab in elderly patients with PNH, aHUS, or NMOSDin clinical studies is limited.
Renal impairmentNo dose adjustment is required for patients with renal impairment (see section 5.2).
Hepatic impairmentThe safety and efficacy of ravulizumab have not been studied in patients with hepatic impairment;however pharmacokinetic data suggest that no dose adjustment is required in patients with hepaticimpairment.
Paediatric populationThe safety and efficacy of ravulizumab in children with a body weight below 10 kg with PNH oraHUS have not been established. Currently available data are described in section 4.8 but norecommendation on a posology can be made.
The safety and efficacy of ravulizumab in children with gMG or NMOSD have not been established.
No data are available.
Method of administrationFor intravenous infusion only.
This medicinal product must be administered through a 0.2 µm filter and should not be administeredas an intravenous push or bolus injection.
Ultomiris 300 mg/30 mL concentrate for solution for infusion must not be mixed with Ultomiris300 mg/3 mL or 1 100 mg/11 mL concentrates for solution for infusion.
Ultomiris 300 mg/3 mL and 1 100 mg/11 mL concentrates for solution for infusion
Ultomiris concentrate for solution for infusion is presented as 3 mL and 11 mL vials (100 mg/mL) andmust be diluted to a final concentration of 50 mg/mL. Following dilution, Ultomiris is to beadministered by intravenous infusion using a syringe-type pump or an infusion pump over a minimalperiod of 0.17 to 1.3 hours (10 to 75 minutes) depending on body weight (see Table 5 and Table 6below).
Table 5: Dose administration rate for Ultomiris 300 mg/3 mL and 1 100 mg/11 mLconcentrates for solution for infusion
Body weight Loading dose Minimum infusion Maintenance dose Minimum infusionrange (kg)a (mg) duration (mg) durationminutes (hours) minutes (hours)≥ 10 to < 20b 600 45 (0.8) 600 45 (0.8)≥ 20 to < 30b 900 35 (0.6) 2,100 75 (1.3)≥ 30 to < 40b 1,200 31 (0.5) 2,700 65 (1.1)≥ 40 to < 60 2,400 45 (0.8) 3,000 55 (0.9)≥ 60 to < 100 2,700 35 (0.6) 3,300 40 (0.7)≥ 100 3,000 25 (0.4) 3,600 30 (0.5)a Body weight at time of treatment.b For PNH and aHUS indications only.
Table 6: Dose administration rate for supplemental doses of Ultomiris 300 mg/3 mL and1 100 mg/11 mL concentrates for solution for infusion
Body weight range (kg)a Supplemental doseb (mg) Minimum infusion durationminutes (hours)≥ 40 to < 60 600 15 (0.25)1,200 25 (0.42)1,500 30 (0.5)≥ 60 to < 100 600 12 (0.20)1,500 22 (0.36)1,800 25 (0.42)≥ 100 600 10 (0.17)1,500 15 (0.25)1,800 17 (0.28)a Body weight at time of treatment.b Refer to Table 4 for selection of ravulizumab supplemental dose
Ultomiris 300 mg/30 mL concentrate for solution for infusion
Ultomiris concentrate for solution for infusion is presented as 30 mL vial (10 mg/mL) and must bediluted to a final concentration of 5 mg/mL. Following dilution, Ultomiris is to be administered byintravenous infusion using a syringe-type pump or an infusion pump over a minimal period of 0.4 to3.3 hours (22 to 194 minutes) depending on body weight (see Table 7 and Table 8 below).
Table 7: Dose administration rate for Ultomiris 300 mg/30 mL concentrate for solution forinfusion
Body weight Loading dose Minimum infusion Maintenance dose Minimum infusionrange (kg)a (mg) duration (mg) durationminutes (hours) minutes (hours)≥ 10 to < 20b 600 113 (1.9) 600 113 (1.9)≥ 20 to < 30b 900 86 (1.5) 2,100 194 (3.3)≥ 30 to < 40b 1,200 77 (1.3) 2,700 167 (2.8)≥ 40 to < 60 2,400 114 (1.9) 3,000 140 (2.3)≥ 60 to < 100 2,700 102 (1.7) 3,300 120 (2.0)≥ 100 3,000 108 (1.8) 3,600 132 (2.2)a Body weight at time of treatment.b For PNH and aHUS indications only
Table 8: Dose administration rate for supplemental doses of Ultomiris 300 mg/30 mLconcentrate for solution for infusion
Body weight range (kg)a Supplemental dose b (mg) Minimum infusion durationminutes (hours)≥ 40 to < 60 600 30 (0.5)1,200 60 (1.0)1,500 72 (1.2)≥ 60 to < 100 600 23 (0.4)1,500 60 (1.0)1,800 65 (1.1)≥ 100 600 22 (0.4)1,500 60 (1.0)1,800 65 (1.1)a Body weight at time of treatment.b Refer to Table 4 for selection of ravulizumab supplemental dose
For instructions on dilution of the medicinal product before administration, see section 6.6.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Immunosuppressants, complement inhibitors, ATC code: L04A J02
Mechanism of actionRavulizumab is a monoclonal antibody IgG2/4K that specifically binds to the complement protein C5,thereby inhibiting its cleavage to C5a (the proinflammatory anaphylatoxin) and C5b (the initiatingsubunit of the membrane attack complex [MAC or C5b-9]) and preventing the generation of the
C5b-9. Ravulizumab preserves the early components of complement activation that are essential foropsonisation of microorganisms and clearance of immune complexes.
Pharmacodynamic effectsFollowing ravulizumab treatment in both adult and paediatric complement inhibitor-naïve patients andeculizumab-experienced patients with PNH in Phase 3 studies, immediate, complete and sustainedinhibition of serum free C5 (concentration of < 0.5 µg/mL) was observed by the end of the firstinfusion and sustained throughout the entire 26-week treatment period in all patients. Immediate andcomplete inhibition of serum free C5 was also observed in adult and paediatric patients with aHUS, inadult patients with gMG, and in adult patients with NMOSD by the end of the first infusion andthroughout the primary treatment period.
The extent and duration of the pharmacodynamic response in patients with PNH, aHUS, gMG, or
NMOSD were exposure dependent for ravulizumab. Free C5 levels less than 0.5 µg/mL werecorrelated with maximal intravascular haemolysis control and complete terminal complementinhibition. In gMG, terminal complement activation leads to MAC deposition at the neuromuscularjunction and impairment of neuromuscular transmission. In NMOSD, terminal complement activationleads to MAC formation and C5a-dependent inflammation, astrocyte necrosis, and damage tosurrounding glial cells and neurons.
Clinical efficacy and safetyParoxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH)
The safety and efficacy of ravulizumab in adult patients with PNH were assessed in two open-label,randomised, active-controlled Phase 3 trials:
* a complement inhibitor-naïve study in adult patients with PNH who were naïve to complementinhibitor treatment,
* an eculizumab-experienced study in adult patients with PNH who were clinically stable afterhaving been treated with eculizumab for at least the previous 6 months.
Ravulizumab was dosed in accordance with the recommended dosing described in section 4.2(4 infusions of ravulizumab over 26 weeks) while eculizumab was administered according to theapproved dosing regimen of eculizumab of 600 mg every week for the first 4 weeks and 900 mg every2 weeks (15 infusions over 26 weeks).
Patients were vaccinated against meningococcal infection prior to or at the time of initiating treatmentwith ravulizumab or eculizumab or received prophylactic treatment with appropriate antibiotics until2 weeks after vaccination.
There were no noteworthy differences in the demographic or baseline characteristics between theravulizumab and eculizumab treatment groups in either of the Phase 3 studies. The 12-monthtransfusion history was similar between ravulizumab and eculizumab treatment groups within each ofthe Phase 3 studies.
Study in complement inhibitor-naïve adult patients with PNH (ALXN1210-PNH-301)
The complement inhibitor-naïve study was a 26-week, multicentre, open-label, randomised,active-controlled, Phase 3 study conducted in 246 patients who were naïve to complement inhibitortreatment prior to study entry and was followed by a long-term extension period where all patientsreceived ravulizumab. Eligible patients to enter this trial had to demonstrate high disease activity,defined as LDH level ≥ 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) at screening along with the presence of 1 ormore of the following PNH-related signs or symptoms within 3 months of screening: fatigue,haemoglobinuria, abdominal pain, shortness of breath (dyspnoea), anaemia (haemoglobin < 10 g/dL),history of a major adverse vascular event (including thrombosis), dysphagia, or erectile dysfunction;or history of packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion due to PNH.
More than 80 % of patients in both treatment groups had a history of transfusion within 12 months ofstudy entry. The majority of the complement inhibitor-naïve study population was highly haemolyticat baseline; 86.2 % of enrolled patients presented with elevated LDH ≥ 3 × ULN, which is a directmeasurement of intravascular haemolysis, in the setting of PNH.
Table 10 presents the baseline characteristics of the PNH patients enrolled in the complementinhibitor-naïve study, with no apparent clinically meaningful differences observed between thetreatment arms.
Table 10: Baseline characteristics in the complement inhibitor-naïve study
Parameter Statistics Ravulizumab Eculizumab(N = 125) (N = 121)
Age (years) at PNH diagnosis Mean (SD) 37.9 (14.90) 39.6 (16.65)
Median 34.0 36.5
Min, max 15, 81 13, 82
Age (years) at first infusion in study Mean (SD) 44.8 (15.16) 46.2 (16.24)
Median 43.0 45.0
Min, max 18, 83 18, 86
Sex (n, %) Male 65 (52.0) 69 (57.0)
Female 60 (48.0) 52 (43.0)
Pre-treatment LDH levels Mean (SD) 1633.5 (778.75) 1578.3 (727.06)
Median 1513.5 1445.0
Number of patients with packed red n (%) 103 (82.4) 100 (82.6)blood cell (pRBC) transfusions within12 months prior to first dose
Units of pRBC transfused within Total 925 86112 months prior to first dose Mean (SD) 9.0 (7.74) 8.6 (7.90)
Median 6.0 6.0
Total PNH RBC clone size Median 33.6 34.2
Total PNH granulocyte clone size Median 93.8 92.4
Patients with any PNH conditionsa n (%) 121 (96.8) 120 (99.2)prior to informed consent
Anaemia 103 (82.4) 105 (86.8)
Haematuria or haemoglobinuria 81 (64.8) 75 (62.0)
Aplastic anaemia 41 (32.8) 38 (31.4)
Renal failure 19 (15.2) 11 (9.1)
Myelodysplastic syndrome 7 (5.6) 6 (5.0)
Pregnancy complication 3 (2.4) 4 (3.3)
Otherb 27 (21.6) 13 (10.7)a Based on medical history.b “Other” as specified on case report form included thrombocytopenia, chronic kidney disease, and pancytopenia,as well as a number of other conditions.
The coprimary endpoints were transfusion avoidance, and haemolysis as directly measured bynormalisation of LDH levels (LDH levels ≤ 1 × ULN; the ULN for LDH is 246 U/L). Key secondaryendpoints included the percent change from baseline in LDH levels, change in quality of life(FACIT-Fatigue), the proportion of patients with breakthrough haemolysis and proportion of patientswith stabilised haemoglobin.
Ravulizumab was non-inferior compared to eculizumab for both coprimary endpoints, avoidance ofpRBC transfusion per protocol-specified guidelines and LDH normalisation from day 29 to day 183,and for all 4 key secondary endpoints (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Analysis of coprimary and secondary endpoints - full analysis set (complementinhibitor-naïve study)
Note: The black triangle indicates the non-inferiority margins, and grey dots indicates point estimates.
Note: LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; CI = confidence interval; FACIT = Functional Assessment of Chronic
Illness Therapy.
The final efficacy analysis for the study included all patients ever treated with ravulizumab (n=244)and had a median treatment duration of 1423 days. The final analysis confirmed that ravulizumabtreatment responses observed during the Primary Evaluation Period were maintained throughout theduration of the study.
Study in adult PNH patients previously treated with eculizumab (ALXN1210-PNH-302)
The eculizumab-experienced study was a 26-week, multicentre, open-label, randomised,active-controlled Phase 3 study conducted in 195 patients with PNH who were clinically stable(LDH ≤ 1.5 x ULN) after having been treated with eculizumab for at least the past 6 months and wasfollowed by a long-term extension period where all patients received ravulizumab.
PNH medical history was similar between ravulizumab and eculizumab treatment groups. The12-month transfusion history was similar between ravulizumab and eculizumab treatment groups andmore than 87 % of patients in both treatment groups had not received a transfusion within 12 monthsof study entry. The mean total PNH RBC clone size was 60.05 %, mean total PNH granulocyte clonesize was 83.30 %, and the mean total PNH monocyte clone size was 85.86 %.
Table 11 presents the baseline characteristics of the PNH patients enrolled in the eculizumab-experienced study, with no apparent clinically meaningful differences observed between the treatmentarms.
Table 11: Baseline characteristics in the eculizumab-experienced study
Parameter Statistics Ravulizumab Eculizumab(N = 97) (N = 98)
Age (years) at PNH diagnosis Mean (SD) 34.1 (14.41) 36.8 (14.14)
Median 32.0 35.0
Min, max 6, 73 11, 74
Age (years) at first infusion in study Mean (SD) 46.6 (14.41) 48.8 (13.97)
Median 45.0 49.0
Min, max 18, 79 23, 77
Sex (n, %) Male 50 (51.5) 48 (49.0)
Female 47 (48.5) 50 (51.0)
Pre-treatment LDH levels Mean (SD) 228.0 (48.71) 235.2 (49.71)
Median 224.0 234.0
Number of patients with pRBC/whole blood n (%) 13 (13.4) 12 (12.2)transfusions within 12 months prior to first dose
Units of pRBC/whole blood transfused within Total 103 5012 months prior to first dose Mean (SD) 7.9 (8.78) 4.2 (3.83)
Median 4.0 2.5
Patients with any PNH conditionsa prior to n (%) 90 (92.8) 96 (98.0)informed consent
Anaemia 64 (66.0) 67 (68.4)
Haematuria or haemoglobinuria 47 (48.5) 48 (49.0)
Aplastic anaemia 34 (35.1) 39 (39.8)
Renal failure 11 (11.3) 7 (7.1)
Myelodysplastic syndrome 3 (3.1) 6 (6.1)
Pregnancy complication 4 (4.1) 9 (9.2)
Otherb 14 (14.4) 14 (14.3)a Based on medical history.b “Other” category included neutropenia, renal dysfunction, and thrombopenia, as well as a number of otherconditions.
The primary endpoint was haemolysis as measured by LDH percent change from baseline. Secondaryendpoints included the proportion of patients with breakthrough haemolysis, quality-of-life(FACIT-Fatigue), transfusion avoidance (TA), and proportion of patients with stabilised haemoglobin.
Ravulizumab was non-inferior compared to eculizumab for the primary endpoint, percent change in
LDH from baseline to day 183, and for all 4 key secondary endpoints (Figure 2).
Figure 2: Analysis of primary and secondary endpoints - full analysis set(eculizumab-experienced study)
Note: The black triangle indicates the non-inferiority margins, and grey dot indicates point estimates.
Note: LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; CI = confidence interval.
The final efficacy analysis for the study included all patients ever treated with ravulizumab (n=192)and had a median treatment duration of 968 days. The final analysis confirmed that ravulizumabtreatment responses observed during the primary evaluation period were maintained throughout theduration of the study.
Atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS)
Study in adult patients with aHUS (ALXN1210-aHUS-311)
The adult study was a multicentre, single arm, Phase 3 study conducted in patients with documentedaHUS who were naïve to complement inhibitor treatment prior to study entry and had evidence ofthrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). The study consisted of a 26-week initial evaluation period andpatients were allowed to enter an extension period for up to 4.5 years.
A total of 58 patients with documented aHUS were enrolled. Enrolment criteria excluded patientspresenting with TMA, due to a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif,member 13 (ADAMTS13) deficiency, Shiga toxin Escherichia coli related haemolytic uremicsyndrome (STEC-HUS) and genetic defect in cobalamin C metabolism. Two patients were excludedfrom the full analysis set due to a confirmed diagnosis of STEC-HUS. Ninety-three percent of patientshad extra renal signs (cardiovascular, pulmonary, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, skin,skeletal muscle) or symptoms of aHUS at baseline.
Table 12 presents the demographics and baseline characteristics of the 56 adult patients enrolled in
Study ALXN1210-aHUS-311 that constituted the full analysis set.
Table 12: Baseline characteristics in the adult study
Ravulizumab
Parameter Statistics (N = 56)
Age at time of first infusion (years) Mean (SD) 42.2 (14.98)
Min, max 19.5, 76.6
Sex
Male n (%) 19 (33.9)
Race n (%)
Asian 15 (26.8)
White 29 (51.8)
Unknown/other 12 (21.4)
History of transplant n (%) 8 (14.3)
Platelets (109/L) blood n 56
Median (min,max) 95.25 (18, 473)
Haemoglobin (g/L) blood n 56
Median (min,max) 85.00 (60.5, 140)
LDH (U/L) serum n 56
Median (min,max) 508.00 (229.5, 3249)eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) n (%) 55
Median (min,max) 10.00 (4, 80)
Patients on dialysis N (%) 29 (51.8)
Patients post partum N (%) 8 (14.3)
Note: Percentages are based on the total number of patients.
Abbreviations: eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; max = maximum;min = minimum.
The primary endpoint was Complete TMA Response during the 26-week Initial Evaluation Period, asevidenced by normalisation of haematological parameters (platelet count ≥ 150 x 109/L and LDH≤ 246 U/L) and ≥ 25% improvement in serum creatinine from baseline. Patients had to meet each
Complete TMA Response criteria at 2 separate assessments obtained at least 4 weeks (28 days) apart,and any measurement in between.
Complete TMA Response was observed in 30 of the 56 patients (53.6%) during the 26-week initialevaluation period as shown in Table 13.
Table 13: Complete TMA response and complete TMA response components analysis forthe 26-week initial evaluation period (ALXN1210-aHUS-311)
Total Respondern Proportion (95% CI)a
Complete TMA Response 56 30 0.536 (0.396, 0.675)
Components of Complete TMA
Response
Platelet count normalisation 56 47 0.839 (0.734, 0.944)
LDH normalisation 56 43 0.768 (0.648, 0.887)≥25% improvement in serum 56 33 0.589 (0.452, 0.727)creatinine from baseline
Haematologic normalisation 56 41 0.732 (0.607, 0.857)a 95 % CIs for the proportion were based on the asymptotic Gaussian approximation method with a continuitycorrection.
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; TMA = thrombotic microangiopathy.
Complete TMA Response was observed in six additional patients during the extension period at
Days 169, 302, 401,407, 1247 and 1359 resulting in an overall Complete TMA Response in 36 of 56patients (64.3%; 95% CI: 50.8%, 77.7%) through end of study. Individual component responseincreased to 48 (85.7%; 95% CI: 75.7%, 95.8%) patients for platelet count normalisation, 49 (87.5%;95% CI: 77.9%, 97.1%) patients for LDH normalisation, and 37 (66.1%; 95% CI: 52.8%, 79.4%)patients for renal function improvement.
The median time to Complete TMA Response was 86 days (7 to 1359 days). A rapid increase in meanplatelet count was observed after commencement of ravulizumab, increasing from 118.52 × 109/L atbaseline to 243.54 × 109/L at Day 8 and remaining above 227 × 109/L at all subsequent visits in theinitial evaluation period (26 weeks). Similarly, mean LDH value decreased from baseline over the first2 months of treatment and was sustained over the duration of the initial evaluation period (26 weeks).
Over two thirds of the patient population who were mostly CKD Stage 4 or 5 at baseline improved by1 or more CKD stages by Day 743 of study. Improvement in renal function as measured by eGFRcontinued to be stable through end of study. Chronic kidney disease stage continued to improve formany patients (19/30) after achieving Complete TMA Response during the 26-week initial evaluationperiod.
Of the 27 patients who did not require dialysis at study entry, 19 patients remained off dialysis duringthe entire study period and 8 patients initiated dialysis during the study, with 2 of these patientsdiscontinuing dialysis during the study. One of the patients that discontinued dialysis during theextension study period, then reinitiated dialysis and continued through study completion.
Table 14: Secondary efficacy outcome for the 26-Week Initial Evaluation Period ofstudy ALXN1210-aHUS-311
Parameters Study ALXN1210-aHUS-311(N = 56)
Haematologic TMA parameters, Day 183 Observed value (n=48) Change from baseline (n=48)
Platelets (109/L) blood
Mean (SD) 237.96 (73.528) 114.79 (105.568)
Median 232.00 125.00
LDH (U/L) serum
Mean (SD) 194.46 (58.099) -519.83 (572.467)
Median 176.50 -310.75
Increase in haemoglobin of ≥ 20 g/L frombaseline with a confirmatory resultthrough Initial Evaluation Periodn/m 40/56proportion (95% CI)* 0.714 (0.587, 0.842)
CKD stage shift from baseline, Day 183
Improvedan/m 32/47
Proportion (95% CI)* 0.681 (0.529, 0.809)
Worsenedbn/m 2/13
Proportion (95% CI)* 0.154 (0.019, 0.454)eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), Day 183 Observed value (n=48) Change from baseline (n=47)
Mean (SD) 51.83 (39.162) 34.80 (35.454)
Median 40.00 29.00
Note: n: number of patients with available data for specific assessment at Day 183 visit. m: number of patientsmeeting specific criterion. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage is classified based on the National Kidney
Foundation Chronic Kidney Disease Stage. Stage 5 is considered the worst category, while Stage 1 is consideredthe best category. Baseline is derived based on the last available eGFR before starting treatment.
Improved/Worsened: compared to CKD stage at baseline. *95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) are based onexact confidence limits using the Clopper-Pearson method. aExcludes those with CKD Stage 1 at baseline asthey cannot improve. bExcludes patients with Stage 5 at baseline as they cannot worsen.
Abbreviations: eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; TMA = thromboticmicroangiopathy.
The final efficacy analysis for the study on all patients treated with ravulizumab over a mediantreatment duration of 130.36 weeks confirmed that ravulizumab treatment responses observed duringthe Primary Evaluation Period were maintained throughout the duration of the study.
Generalised Myasthenia Gravis (gMG)
Study in adult patients with gMG
The efficacy and safety of ravulizumab in adult patients with gMG was assessed in a Phase 3,randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study (ALXN1210-MG-306). Patientsparticipating in this study were subsequently allowed to enter an Open-Label Extension Period duringwhich all patients received ravulizumab.
Patients with gMG (diagnosed for at least 6 months) with a positive serologic test for anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies, MGFA (Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America)clinical classification Class II to IV and remaining symptomatology as evidenced by a Myasthenia
Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) total score ≥ 6 were randomised to receive eitherravulizumab (N = 86) or placebo (N = 89). Patients on immunosuppressant therapies (corticosteroids,azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, or tacrolimus)were permitted to continue on therapy throughout the course of the study. In addition, rescue therapy(including high dose corticosteroid, PE/PP, or IVIg) was allowed if a patient experienced clinicaldeterioration, as defined by the study protocol.
A total of 162 (92.6%) patients completed the 26-week Randomised-Controlled Period of Study
ALXN1210-MG-306. The baseline characteristics of patients are presented in Table 15. The majority(97%) of patients included in the study had been treated with at least one immunomodulatory therapyincluding immunosuppressant therapies, PE/PP, or IVIg in the last two years prior to enrolment.
Table 15: Baseline disease characteristics in study ALXN1210-MG-306
Parameter Statistics Placebo Ravulizumab(N = 89) (N = 86)
Sex n (%)
Male 44 (49.4) 42 (48.8)
Female 45 (50.6) 44 (51.2)
Age at first dose of study drug (years) Mean (SD) 53.3 (16.05) 58.0 (13.82)(min, max) (20, 82) (19, 79)
Elderly (≥ 65 years of age) at study entry n (%) 24 (27.0) 30 (34.9)
Duration of MG since diagnosis (years) Mean (SD) 10.0 (8.90) 9.8 (9.68)(min, max) (0.5, 36.1) (0.5, 39.5)
Median 7.6 5.7
Baseline MG-ADL Score Mean (SD) 8.9 (2.30) 9.1 (2.62)(min, max) (6.0, 15.0) (6.0, 24.0)
Median 9.0 9.0
Baseline QMG Score Mean (SD) 14.5 (5.26) 14.8 (5.21)(min, max) (2.0, 27.0) (6.0, 39.0)
Median 14.0 15.0
Baseline MGFA classification n (%)
Class II (mild weakness) 39 (44) 39 (45)
Class III (moderate weakness) 45 (51) 41 (48)
Class IV (severe weakness) 5 (6) 6 (7)
Any prior intubation since diagnosis n (%) 9 (10.1) 8 (9.3)(MGFA Class V)
Number of patients with prior MG crisis n (%) 17 (19.1) 21 (24.4)since diagnosisa
Number of stable immunosuppressant n (%)therapiesb at study entry0 8 (9.0) 10 (11.6)1 34 (38.2) 40 (46.5)≥ 2 47 (52.8) 36 (41.9)a Prior MG crisis information was collected as part of medical history and not evaluated as per the clinicalprotocol definition.
b Immunosuppressant therapies include corticosteroids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine,methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, or tacrolimus.
Abbreviations: Max = maximum; min = minimum; MG = myasthenia gravis; MG-ADL = Myasthenia Gravis
Activities of Daily Living; MGFA = Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America; QMG = Quantitative
Myasthenia Gravis; SD = standard deviation
The primary endpoint was the change from Baseline to Week 26 in the MG-ADL total score.
The secondary endpoints, also assessing changes from Baseline to Week 26, included the change inthe Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) total score, the proportion of patients with improvementsof at least 5 and 3 points in the QMG and MG-ADL total scores, respectively, as well as changes inquality-of-life assessments.
Ravulizumab demonstrated a statistically significant change in the MG-ADL total score as comparedto placebo. Primary and secondary endpoint results are presented in Table 16.
Table 16: Analysis of primary and secondary efficacy endpoints
Efficacy Placebo Ravulizumab Statistic for Treatment p-value
Endpoints at (N = 89) (N = 86) Comparison Effect (Using Mixed
Week 26 LS Mean LS Mean (95% CI) Effect(SEM) (SEM) Repeated
Measures)
MG-ADL -1.4 (0.37) -3.1 (0.38) Difference in -1.6 (-2.6, -0.7) 0.0009change frombaseline
QMG -0.8 (0.45) -2.8 (0.46) Difference in -2.0 (-3.2, -0.8) 0.0009change frombaseline
MG-QoL15r -1.6 (0.70) -3.3 (0.71) Difference in -1.7 (-3.4, 0.1) 0.0636change frombaseline
Neuro-QoL-fatigue -4.8 (1.87) -7.0 (1.92) Difference in -2.2 (-6.9, 2.6) 0.3734achange frombaselinea The endpoint was not formally tested for statistical significance; a nominal p-value was reported.
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; LS = least squares; MG-ADL = Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily
Living; MG-QoL15r = Revised Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life 15-item scale; Neuro-QoL-fatigue = Neurological Quality of Life Fatigue; QMG = Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis; SEM = standard errorof mean.
In Study ALXN1210-MG-306, a clinical responder in the MG-ADL total score was defined as havingat least a 3-point improvement. The proportion of clinical responders at Week 26 was 56.7% onravulizumab compared with 34.1% on placebo (nominal p=0.0049). A clinical responder in the QMGtotal score was defined as having at least a 5-point improvement. The proportion of clinical respondersat Week 26 was 30.0% on ravulizumab compared with 11.3% on placebo (p=0.0052).
Table 17 presents an overview of the patients with clinical deterioration and patients requiring rescuetherapy over the 26-week Randomised-Controlled Period.
Table 17: Clinical deterioration and rescue therapy
Variable Statistic Placebo Ravulizumab(N = 89) (N = 86)
Total number of patients with clinical deterioration n (%) 15 (16.9) 8 (9.3)
Total number of patients requiring rescue therapya n (%) 14 (15.7) 8 (9.3)a Rescue therapy included high-dose corticosteroid, plasma exchange/plasmapheresis, or intravenousimmunoglobulin.
In patients who initially received ULTOMIRIS during the Randomised-Controlled Period andcontinued to receive ULTOMIRIS up to 164-weeks of the Open-Label Extension Period, the treatmenteffect continued to be sustained (Figure 3). In patients who initially received placebo during the 26-week Randomised-Controlled Period and initiated treatment with ULTOMIRIS during the Open-Label
Extension Period, a rapid and sustained treatment response on all endpoints including MG-ADL and
QMG (Figure 3), was observed over a median treatment duration of approximately 2 years.
Figure 3: Change from randomised-controlled period baseline in MG-ADL total score (A)and QMG total score (B) up to week 164 (mean and 95% CI)
Note: Randomized Controlled Period figures are based on data from 175 patients. Open Label Extension Periodfigures are based on data from 161 patients.
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MG-ADL = Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living;
QMG = Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis
In the Open-Label Extension Period of the study, clinicians had the option to adjustimmunosuppressant therapies. At the end of the Open-Label Extension Period (median duration of
ULTOMIRIS treatment both during Randomised-Control Period and Open-Label Extension was 759days), 30.1% of patients decreased their daily dose of corticosteroid therapy and 12.4% of patientsstopped corticosteroid therapy. The most common reason for change in corticosteroid therapies wasimprovement in MG symptoms while on ravulizumab treatment.
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)
Study in adult patients with NMOSD
The efficacy of ravulizumab in adult patients with anti-AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD was assessedin a global, open-label clinical study (ALXN1210-NMO-307).
Study ALXN1210-NMO-307 enrolled 58 adult patients with NMOSD who had a positive serologictest for anti-AQP4 antibodies, at least 1 relapse in the last 12 months prior to the Screening Period, andan Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of ≤ 7. Prior treatment with immunosuppressanttherapies (ISTs) was not required for enrolment and 51.7% of patients were on ravulizumabmonotherapy. Patients on selected ISTs (i.e., corticosteroids, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil,tacrolimus) were permitted to continue on therapy in combination with ravulizumab, with arequirement for stable dosing until they reached Week 106 in the study. In addition, acute therapy forrelapse treatment (including high-dose corticosteroids, PE/PP, and IVIg) was allowed if a patientexperienced a relapse during the study.
Patients included in the study had a mean age of 47.4 years (ranging from 18 to 74 years) and most ofthem were female (90%). Median age at NMOSD initial clinical presentation was of 42.5 years,ranging from 16 to 73 years. Baseline disease characteristics are shown in Table 18.
Table 18: Patient disease history and baseline characteristics in study
ALXN1210-NMO-307
Statistic ALXN1210-NMO-307
Variable Ravulizumab(N = 58)
Time from NMOSD initial clinical presentation to Mean (SD) 5.2 (6.38)first dose of study drug (years) Median 2.0
Min, max 0.19, 24.49
Historical ARR within 24 months prior to screening Mean (SD) 1.87 (1.59)
Median 1.44
Min, max 0.5, 6.9
Baseline HAI score Mean (SD) 1.2 (1.42)
Median 1.0
Min, max 0, 7
Baseline EDSS score Mean (SD) 3.30 (1.58)
Median 3.25
Min, max 0.0, 7.0
Any historical rituximab use n (%) 21 (36.2)
Number of patients receiving stable corticosteroids n (%) 12 (20.7)only at study entry
Number of patients not receiving any IST at study n (%) 30 (51.7)entry
Abbreviations: ARR = annualised relapse rate; EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale; HAI = Hauser
Ambulation Index; IST = immunosuppressant therapy; Max = maximum; Min = minimum; NMOSD =neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; SD = standard deviation.
The primary endpoint of Study ALXN1210-NMO-307 was the time to first adjudicated on-trialrelapse as determined by an independent adjudication committee. No adjudicated on-trial relapse wasobserved in ravulizumab-treated patients during the primary treatment period. All ravulizumab-treatedpatients remained relapse free over the median follow-up of 90.93 weeks. Ravulizumab-treatedpatients experienced consistent relapse-free primary endpoint result with or without concomitant ISTtreatment.
Ravulizumab has not been studied for the acute treatment of relapses in NMOSD patients.
Paediatric populationParoxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH)
Study in paediatric patients with PNH (ALXN1210-PNH-304)
The paediatric study (ALXN1210-PNH-304) is a multicentre, open-label, Phase 3 study conducted ineculizumab-experienced and complement inhibitor-naïve paediatric patients with PNH.
From interim results, a total of 13 PNH paediatric patients completed ravulizumab treatment duringthe primary evaluation period (26 weeks) of Study ALXN1210-PNH-304. Five of the 13 patients hadnever been treated with a complement inhibitor and 8 patients received treatment with eculizumabprior to study entry.
Most of the patients were between 12 years and 17 years of age at first infusion (mean: 14.4 years),with 2 patients under 12 years old (11 years and 9 years old). Eight of the 13 patients were female.
Mean weight at baseline was 56 kg, ranging from 37 to 72 kg. Table 19 presents the baseline diseasehistory and characteristics of the paediatric patients enrolled in Study ALXN1210-PNH-304.
Table 19: Disease history and characteristics at baseline (full analysis set)
Variable Complement inhibitor- Eculizumab-naïve patients experienced patients(N = 5) (N = 8)
Total PNH RBC clone size (%) (N = 4) (N = 6)
Median (min, max) 40.05 (6.9, 68.1) 71.15 (21.2, 85.4)
Total PNH granulocyte clone size (%)
Median (Min, max) 78.30 (36.8, 99.0) 91.60 (20.3, 97.6)
Number of patients with pRBC/whole blood 2 (40.0) 2 (25.0)transfusions within 12 months prior to first dose, n (%)
Number of pRBC/whole blood transfusions within12 months prior to first dose
Total 10 2
Median (min, max) 5.0 (4, 6) 1.0 (1, 1)
Units of pRBC/whole blood transfused within 12months prior to first dose
Total 14 2
Median (min, max) 7.0 (3, 11) 2.0 (2, 2)
Patients with any PNH-associated conditions prior to 5 (100) 8 (100)informed consent, n (%)
Anaemia 2 (40.0) 5 (62.5)
Haematuria or haemoglobinuria 2 (40.0) 5 (62.5)
Aplastic anaemia 3 (60.0) 1 (12.5)
Renal failure 2 (40.0) 2 (25.0)
Othera 0 1 (12.5)
Pre-treatment LDH levels (U/L)
Median (min, max) 588.50 (444, 2269.7) 251.50 (140.5, 487)a Other PNH-associated conditions were reported as “renal and splenic infarcts” and “multiple lesionsconcerning for embolic process”.
Note: Percentages were based on the total number of patients in each cohort.
Abbreviations: LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; max = maximum; min = minimum; PNH = paroxysmal nocturnalhaemoglobinuria; pRBC = packed red blood cell; RBC = red blood cell.
Based on body weight, patients received a loading dose of ravulizumab on Day 1, followed bymaintenance treatment on Day 15 and once every 8 weeks (q8w) thereafter for patients weighing≥ 20 kg, or once every 4 weeks (q4w) for patients weighing < 20 kg. For patients who entered thestudy on eculizumab therapy, Day 1 of study treatment was planned to occur 2 weeks from thepatient’s last dose of eculizumab.
The weight-based dose regimen of ravulizumab provided immediate, complete, and sustainedinhibition of terminal complement throughout the 26-week primary evaluation period regardless ofprior experience with eculizumab. Following initiation of ravulizumab treatment, steady-statetherapeutic serum concentrations of ravulizumab were achieved immediately after the first dose andmaintained throughout the 26-week primary evaluation period in both cohorts. There were nobreakthrough haemolysis events in the study and no patients had post-baseline free C5 levels above0.5 µg/mL.
Mean percent change from baseline in LDH was -47.91% on Day 183 in the complement inhibitor-naïve cohort and remained stable in the eculizumab-experienced cohort during the 26-week primaryevaluation period. Sixty percent (3/5) of complement inhibitor-naïve patients and 75% (6/8) ofeculizumab-experienced patients achieved haemoglobin stabilisation by Week 26 respectively.
Transfusion-avoidance was reached by 84.6% (11/13) of patients during the 26-week primaryevaluation period.
These interim efficacy results are presented in Table 20 below.
Table 20: Efficacy outcomes from the paediatric study in PNH patients (ALXN1210-PNH-304) - 26-week primary evaluation period
End Point Ravulizumab Ravulizumab(Naïve, N = 5) (Switch, N = 8)
LDH- Percent change from Baseline
Mean (SD) -47.91 (52.716) 4.65 (44.702)
Transfusion Avoidance
Percentage (95% CI) 60.0 (14.66, 94.73) 100.0 (63.06, 100.00)
Haemoglobin Stabilisation
Percentage (95% CI) 60.0 (14.66, 94.73) 75 (34.91, 96.81)
Breakthrough Haemolysis (%) 0 0
Abbreviations: LDH = lactate dehydrogenase
Long term efficacy results through end of study over a median treatment duration of 915 days resultedin a sustained treatment response in paediatric patients with PNH.
Based on data from these interim results, the efficacy of ravulizumab in paediatric PNH patientsappears to be similar to that observed in adult PNH patients.
Atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS)
Use of Ultomiris in paediatric patients for treatment of aHUS is supported by evidence from onepaediatric clinical study (a total of 31 patients with documented aHUS were enrolled; 28 patients aged10 months to 17 years were included in the full analysis set).
Study in paediatric patients with aHUS (ALXN1210 aHUS 312)
The paediatric study was a 26-week, multicentre, single arm, Phase 3 study conducted in paediatricpatients and patients were allowed to enter an extension period for up to 4.5 years.
A total of 24 eculizumab-naïve patients with documented diagnosis of aHUS and evidence of TMAwere enrolled, of which 20 were included in the Full Analysis set. Enrolment criteria excluded patientspresenting with TMA due to a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif,member 13 (ADAMTS13) deficiency, STEC-HUS and genetic defect in cobalamin C metabolism.
Four patients were given 1 or 2 doses, but then discontinued and were excluded from the full analysisset because aHUS eligibility was not confirmed. The overall mean weight at baseline was 21.2 kg;majority of the patients were in the baseline weight category ≥ 10 to < 20 kg. The majority of patients(70.0%) had pretreatment extra renal signs (cardiovascular, pulmonary, central nervous system,gastrointestinal, skin, skeletal muscle) or symptoms of aHUS at baseline. At baseline, 35.0% (n = 7) ofpatients had CKD Stage 5.
A total of 10 patients, who switched from eculizumab to ravulizumab, had documented diagnosis ofaHUS and evidence of TMA were enrolled. Patients had to have clinical response to eculizumab priorto enrolment (i.e. LDH < 1.5 X ULN and platelet count ≥ 150,000/μL, and eGFR> 30 mL/min/1.73 m2). Consequently, there is no information on the use of ravulizumab in patientrefractory to eculizumab.
Table 21 presents the baseline characteristics of the paediatric patients enrolled in Study
ALXN1210-aHUS-312.
Table 21: Demographics and baseline characteristics in study ALXN1210-aHUS-312
Ravulizumab Ravulizumab
Parameter Statistics (Naïve, N = 20) (Switch, N = 10)
Age at time of first infusion (years) category n (%)
Birth to < 2 years 4 (20.0) 1 (10.0)2 to < 6 years 9 (45.0) 1 (10.0)6 to < 12 years 5 (25.0) 1 (10.0)12 to < 18 years 2 (10.0) 7 (70.0)
Sex n (%)
Male 8 (40.0) 9 (90.0)
Racea n (%)
American Indian or Alaskan Native 1 (5.0) 0 (0.0)
Asian 5 (25.0) 4 (40.0)
Black or African American 3 (15.0) 1 (10.0)
White 11 (55.0) 5 (50.0)
Unknown 1 (5.0) 0 (0.0)
History of transplant n (%) 1 (5.6) 1 (10.0)
Platelets (109/L) blood Median (min, max) 51.25 (14, 125) 281.75 (207, 415.5)
Haemoglobin (g/L) Median (min, max) 74.25 (32, 106) 132.0 (114.5, 148)
LDH (U/L) Median (min, max) 1963.0 (772, 4985) 206.5 (138.5, 356)eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) Median (min, max) 22.0 (10, 84) 99.75 (54, 136.5)
Required dialysis at baseline n (%) 7 (35.0) 0 (0.0)
Note: Percentages are based on the total number of patients.a Patients can have multiple races selected.
Abbreviations: eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; max = maximum;min = minimum.
The primary endpoint was Complete TMA Response during the 26-week Initial Evaluation Period, asevidenced by normalisation of haematological parameters (platelet ≥ 150 x 109/L and LDH ≤ 246 U/L)and ≥ 25% improvement in serum creatinine from baseline in eculizumab-naïve patients. Patients hadto meet all Complete TMA Response criteria at 2 separate assessments obtained at least 4 weeks(28 days) apart, and any measurement in between.
Complete TMA Response was observed in 15 of the 20 naïve patients (75.0%) during the 26-weekinitial evaluation period as shown in Table 22.
Table 22: Complete TMA response and complete TMA response components analysisduring the 26-week initial evaluation period (ALXN1210-aHUS-312)
Total Respondern Proportion (95% CI)a
Complete TMA Response 20 15 0.750 (0.509, 0.913)
Components of Complete TMA Response
Platelet count normalisation 20 19 0.950 (0.751, 0.999)
LDH normalisation 20 18 0.900 (0.683, 0.988)≥ 25% improvement in serum creatinine from baseline 20 16 0.800 (0.563, 0.943)
Haematologic normalisation 20 18 0.900 (0.683, 0.988)a 95% CIs for the proportion were based on the asymptotic Gaussian approximation method with a continuitycorrection.
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; TMA = thrombotic microangiopathy.
Complete TMA Response during the initial evaluation period was achieved at a median time of30 days (15 to 99 days). All patients with Complete TMA Response maintained it through the initialevaluation period with continuous improvements seen in renal function. An increase in mean plateletcount was observed rapidly after commencement of ravulizumab, increasing from 71.70 × 109/L atbaseline to 302.41 × 109/L at Day 8 and remained above 304 × 109/L at all subsequent visits after Day22 in the initial evaluation period (26 weeks).
Complete TMA Response was observed in three additional patients during the Extension Period at
Days 295 for 2 patients and Day 351 for 1 patient) resulting in the achievement of Complete TMAresponse in 18 of 20 paediatric patients (90%; 95% CI: 68.3%, 98.8%) through end of study.
Individual component response increased to 19 of 20 (95.0%; 95% CI: 75.1%, 99.9%) patients forplatelet count normalisation, 19 of 20 (95.0%; 95% CI: 75.1%, 99.9%) patients for LDHnormalisation, and in 18 of 20 (90.0%; 95% CI: 68.3%, 98.8%) patients for renal functionimprovement.
All 7 of the patients who required dialysis at study entry were able to discontinue dialysis; 6 of whichhad already done so by Day 36. No patient started or re-initiated dialysis during the study. For the 16patients with available baseline and Week 52 (Day 351) data, 16 patients had improvement in chronickidney disease (CKD) stage compared with baseline. Patients with available data through the end ofthe study continued to have improvements or no changes in CKD stage. Improvement in renal functionas measured by eGFR continued to be stable through end of study. Table 23 summarises the secondaryefficacy results for Study ALXN1210-aHUS-312.
Table 23: Secondary efficacy outcome for the 26-Week Initial Evaluation Period forstudy ALXN1210-aHUS-312
Parameters Study ALXN1210-aHUS-312(N = 20)
Haematologic TMA parameters, Day 183 Observed value (n = 17) Change from baseline (n = 17)
Platelets (109/L) blood
Mean (SD) 304.94 (75.711) 245.59 (91.827)
Median 318.00 247.00
LDH (U/L) serum
Mean (SD) 262.41 (59.995) -2044.13 (1328.059)
Median 247.00 -1851.50
Increase in haemoglobin of ≥ 20 g/L frombaseline with a confirmatory resultthrough Initial Evaluation Periodn/m 17/20proportion (95% CI)* 0.850 (0.621, 0.968)
CKD stage shift from baseline, Day 183
Improvedan/m 15/17
Proportion (95% CI)* 0.882 (0.636, 0.985)
Worsenedbn/m 0/11
Proportion (95% CI)* 0.000 (0.000, 0.285)eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), Day 183 Observed value (n = 17) Change from baseline (n = 17)
Mean (SD) 108.5 (56.87) 85.4 (54.33)
Median 108.0 80.0
Note: n: number of patients with available data for specific assessment at Day 183 visit. m: number of patientsmeeting specific criterion. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage is classified based on the National Kidney
Foundation Chronic Kidney Disease Stage. Stage 1 is considered the best category, while Stage 5 is consideredthe worst category. Baseline is derived based on the last available eGFR before starting treatment.
Improved/Worsened: Compared to CKD stage at baseline.
*95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) are based on exact confidence limits using the Clopper Pearson method.a Improved excludes patients with Stage 1 at baseline, as they cannot improve; bworsened excludes patients with
Stage 5 at baseline as they cannot worsen.
Abbreviations: eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; TMA = thromboticmicroangiopathy.
In eculizumab-experienced patients, switching to ravulizumab maintained disease control as evidencedby stable hematologic and renal parameters, with no apparent impact on safety.
The efficacy of ravulizumab for the treatment of aHUS appears similar in paediatric and adult patients.
The final efficacy analysis for the study on all paediatric patients treated with ravulizumab over amedian treatment duration of 130.60 weeks confirmed that ravulizumab treatment responses observedduring the Primary Evaluation Period were maintained throughout the duration of the study.
Generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG)
The European Medicines Agency has deferred the obligation to submit the results of studies with
Ultomiris in one or more subsets of the paediatric population in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.
See 4.2 for information on paediatric use.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)
The European Medicines Agency has deferred the obligation to submit the results of studies with
Ultomiris in one or more subsets of the paediatric population in the treatment of NMOSD. See 4.2 forinformation on paediatric use.