Indicated for: pain and inflammation
Route of administration: cutaneous
Substance: ibuprofen (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
ATC: M02AA13 (Musculo-skeletal system | Topical products for joint and muscular pain | Antiinflammatory preparations, non-steroids for topical use)
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain, inflammation, and fever. It works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), thereby reducing the production of prostaglandins, which are substances involved in inflammation, pain, and fever.
It is indicated for the relief of mild to moderate pain, such as headaches, dental pain, menstrual pain, muscle and joint pain, and for reducing fever associated with infections. It is also used in chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.
Common side effects include nausea, abdominal discomfort, heartburn, and dizziness. Rarely, more serious reactions such as gastric ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney dysfunction, or severe allergic reactions may occur. Long-term use or high doses may increase the risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attack or stroke.
Ibuprofen should be taken as directed by a doctor or according to the package instructions, and the maximum daily dose should not be exceeded. It is recommended to take it with food to reduce the risk of stomach irritation. Patients with gastrointestinal, renal, or cardiovascular conditions should use ibuprofen with caution.