Avelumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of certain cancers, including metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma and advanced urothelial carcinoma. It works by blocking the PD-L1 protein (programmed death-ligand 1), which is expressed by tumor cells to evade detection by the immune system.
By inhibiting PD-L1, avelumab enables T-cell activation and the destruction of tumor cells. It is administered intravenously, usually once every two weeks, with the dose adjusted based on the patient's body weight.
Common side effects include fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, infusion-related reactions, and elevated liver enzyme levels. In rare cases, severe adverse reactions such as pneumonitis, autoimmune hepatitis, or endocrinopathies may occur. Regular monitoring of the patient's condition is essential during treatment.
Avelumab represents an innovative option in cancer immunotherapy, offering patients with advanced tumors a chance for prolonged survival and improved quality of life.