Pharmacotherapeutic group: Immunosuppressants, interleukin inhibitors, ATC code: L04AC18
Mechanism of actionRisankizumab is a humanised immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody that selectively bindswith high affinity to the p19 subunit of human interleukin 23 (IL-23) cytokine without binding to IL-12 and inhibits its interaction with the IL-23 receptor complex. IL-23 is a cytokine that is involved ininflammatory and immune responses. By blocking IL-23 from binding to its receptor, risankizumabinhibits IL-23-dependent cell signalling and release of proinflammatory cytokines.
Pharmacodynamic effectsIn a study of subjects with psoriasis, expression of genes associated with the IL-23/IL-17 axis wasdecreased in the skin after single doses of risankizumab. Reductions in epidermal thickness,infiltration of inflammatory cells, and expression of psoriatic disease markers were also observed inpsoriatic lesions.
In a study of subjects with psoriatic arthritis, statistically significant and clinically meaningfulreduction from baseline was observed at week 24 in IL-23 and IL-17-associated biomarkers, includingserum IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 following treatment with risankizumab 150 mg subcutaneously atweek 0, week 4, and every 12 weeks thereafter.
Clinical efficacy and safetyPlaque Psoriasis
The efficacy and safety of risankizumab was assessed in 2 109 subjects with moderate to severeplaque psoriasis in four multicentre, randomised, double-blind studies (ULTIMMA-1, ULTIMMA-2,
IMMHANCE, and IMMVENT). Enrolled subjects were 18 years of age and older with plaquepsoriasis who had a body surface area (BSA) involvement of ≥10%, a static Physician Global
Assessment (sPGA) score of ≥3 in the overall assessment (plaque thickness/induration, erythema, andscaling) of psoriasis on a severity scale of 0 to 4, a Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score≥12, and who were candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy.
Overall, subjects had a median baseline PASI score of 17.8, a median BSA of 20.0%, and a medianbaseline DLQI score of 13.0. Baseline sPGA score was severe in 19.3% of subjects and moderate in80.7% of subjects. A total of 9.8% of study subjects had a history of diagnosed psoriatic arthritis.
Across all studies, 30.9% of subjects were naïve to any systemic therapy (including non-biologic andbiologic), 38.1% had received prior phototherapy or photochemotherapy, 48.3% had received priornon-biologic systemic therapy, 42.1% had received prior biologic therapy, and 23.7% had received atleast one anti-TNF alpha agent for the treatment of psoriasis. Patients who completed these studies andother Phase 2/3 studies had the opportunity to enrol in an open-label extension study, LIMMITLESS.
ULTIMMA-1 and ULTIMMA-2
ULTIMMA-1 and ULTIMMA-2 enrolled 997 subjects (598 randomised to risankizumab 150 mg, 199to ustekinumab 45 mg or 90 mg [according to baseline weight], and 200 to placebo). Subjects receivedtreatment at week 0, week 4, and every 12 weeks thereafter. The two co-primary endpoints in
ULTIMMA-1 and ULTIMMA-2 were the proportion of subjects who achieved 1) PASI 90 responseand 2) sPGA score of clear or almost clear (sPGA 0 or 1) at week 16 versus placebo. The results forthe co-primary and other endpoints are presented in Table 2 and Figure 1.
Table 2: Efficacy and quality of life results in adults with plaque psoriasis in ULTIMMA-1 and
ULTIMMA-2
ULTIMMA-1 ULTIMMA-2
Risankizumab Ustekinumab Placebo Risankizumab Ustekinumab Placebo(N=304) (N=100) (N=102) (N=294) (N=99) (N=98)n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)sPGA of clear or almost clear (0 or 1)
Week 16a 267 (87.8) 63 (63.0) 8 (7.8) 246 (83.7) 61 (61.6) 5 (5.1)
Week 52 262 (86.2) 54 (54.0) -- 245 (83.3) 54 (54.5) --sPGA of clear (0)
Week 16 112 (36.8) 14 (14.0) 2 (2.0) 150 (51.0) 25 (25.3) 3 (3.1)
Week 52 175 (57.6) 21 (21.0) -- 175 (59.5) 30 (30.3) --
PASI 75
Week 12 264 (86.8) 70 (70.0) 10 (9.8) 261 (88.8) 69 (69.7) 8 (8.2)
Week 52 279 (91.8) 70 (70.0) -- 269 (91.5) 76 (76.8) --
PASI 90
Week 16a 229 (75.3) 42 (42.0) 5 (4.9) 220 (74.8) 47 (47.5) 2 (2.0)
Week 52 249 (81.9) 44 (44.0) -- 237 (80.6) 50 (50.5) --
PASI 100
Week 16 109 (35.9) 12 (12.0) 0 (0.0) 149 (50.7) 24 (24.2) 2 (2.0)
Week 52 171 (56.3) 21 (21.0) -- 175 (59.5) 30 (30.3) --
DLQI 0 or 1b
Week 16 200 (65.8) 43 (43.0) 8 (7.8) 196 (66.7) 46 (46.5) 4 (4.1)
Week 52 229 (75.3) 47 (47.0) -- 208 (70.7) 44 (44.4) --
PSS 0 (symptom-free)c
Week 16 89 (29.3) 15 (15.0) 2 (2.0) 92 (31.3) 15 (15.2) 0 (0.0)
Week 52 173 (56.9) 30 (30.0) -- 160 (54.4) 30 (30.3) --
All comparisons of risankizumab versus ustekinumab and placebo achieved p<0.001 except for PASI 75 at week 52 in
ULTIMMA-2 where p=0.001a Co-primary endpoints versus placebob No impact on health-related quality of lifec Psoriasis Symptom Scale (PSS) of 0 means no symptoms of pain, itching, redness, and burning during the last 24hours
Figure 1: Time course of mean percent change from baseline of PASI in ULTIMMA-1 and
ULTIMMA-20 4 8 12 16 22 28 34 40 46 52
Weeks
RZB = risankizumab
UST = ustekinumab
PBO = placebop<0.001 at each time point
Examination of age, gender, race, body weight ≤130 kg, baseline PASI score, concurrent psoriaticarthritis, previous non-biologic systemic treatment, previous biologic treatment, and previous failureof a biologic did not identify differences in response to risankizumab among these subgroups.
Improvements were observed in psoriasis involving the scalp, the nails, and the palms and soles atweek 16 and week 52 in subjects treated with risankizumab.
PASI Percent Change from Baseline
Table 3: Mean changes from baseline in NAPSI, PPASI, and PSSI
ULTIMMA-1 ULTIMMA-2 IMMHANCE
Risankizumab Placebo Risankizumab Placebo Risankizumab Placebo
NAPSI: N=58;
N=56; N=49;
Change N=178; N=177; N=235; 2.52.1 (1.86) 3.0 (1.76)at Week -9.0 (1.17) -7.5 (1.03) -7.5 (0.89) (1.70)
*** ***16 (SE) ***
PPASI: N=34; N=23; N=26;
N=95; N=113;
Change -3.17 N=86; -3.74 -0.27
- 5.93 (0.324) -7.39 (0.654)at Week (0.445) -7.24 (0.558) (1.025) (1.339)16 (SE) *** ** ***
PSSI: N=92; N=83; N=88;
Change N=267; -2.9 N=252; -4.6 N=357; -5.5at Week -17.6 (0.47) (0.69) -18.4 (0.52) (0.82) -20.1 (0.40) (0.77)16 (SE) *** *** ***
NAPSI:
Change N=178; N=183;
- - - -at Week -15.7 (0.94) -16.7 (0.85)52 (SE)
PPASI:
N=95;
Change N=89;
- 6.16 (0.296) - - - -at Week -8.35 (0.274)52 (SE)
PSSI:
Change N=269; N=259;
- - - -at Week -17.9 (0.34) -18.8 (0.24)52 (SE)
Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), Palmoplantar Psoriasis Severity Index (PPASI), Psoriasis Scalp
Severity Index (PSSI), and Standard Error (SE)
** P < 0.01 comparing to risankizumab
*** P < 0.001 comparing to risankizumab
Anxiety and depression, as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS),improved in the risankizumab group at week 16 compared with the placebo group.
Maintenance of responseIn an integrated analysis of subjects receiving risankizumab in ULTIMMA-1 and ULTIMMA-2 for
PASI 100 responders at week 16, 79.8% (206/258) of the subjects who continued on risankizumabmaintained the response at week 52. For PASI 90 responders at week 16, 88.4% (398/450) of subjectsmaintained the response at week 52.
Of the patients who received risankizumab in ULTIMMA-1 and ULTIMMA-2, 525 continued toreceive risankizumab every 12 weeks in LIMMITLESS. Of these, 376 (71.6%) completed anadditional 252 weeks of open-label treatment. Among subjects remaining in the study, improvementsachieved with risankizumab in rates of PASI 90 and sPGA of clear or almost clear at week 52 weremaintained through week 304.
Of the patients who received ustekinumab in ULTIMMA-1 and ULTIMMA-2, 172 receivedrisankizumab every 12 weeks in LIMMITLESS. Of these, 116 (67.4%) completed the study, including252 weeks of open-label risankizumab treatment and end of study follow-up. Among subjectsremaining in the study, rates of PASI 90 and sPGA response of clear or almost clear increased fromweek 52 through week 76 and were then maintained through week 304.
Figures 2 and 3 show the response rates for PASI 90 and sPGA of clear or almost clear, respectively,in subjects who completed 252 weeks of open-label treatment in LIMMITLESS.
Figure 2: Percent of subjects who achieved a PASI 90 response (OC) in LIMMITLESS
Risankizumab (N) 524 517 511 509 506 500 489 486 473 468 459 462 418 424 430 410 398 374
Ustekinumab to risankizumab (N) 172 171 168 165 162 156 152 147 146 145 143 140 130 129 128 127 120 119
Week 52 64 76 88 100 112 124 136 148 160 172 184 196 208 232 256 280 304
- M-
Treatment Risankizumab Ustekinumab to
Risankizumab
Figure 3: Percent of subjects who achieved an sPGA clear or almost clear response by visit (OC) in
LIMMITLESS
Risankizumab (N) 524 517 511 509 506 500 489 486 473 468 459 462 418 424 429 410 398 375
Ustekinumab to risankizumab (N) 172 171 168 165 162 156 152 147 146 145 143 140 130 129 128 127 120 119
Week 52 64 76 88 100 112 124 136 148 160 172 184 196 208 232 256 280 304
Treatment Risankizumab Ustekinumab to
Risankizumab
Response Rate (%) Response Rate (%)
Improvements in Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI 0 or 1) were maintained in patients receivingcontinuous risankizumab treatment through week 304 in the open label extension study
LIMMITLESS.
The safety profile of risankizumab with more than 5 years of exposure was consistent with the profileobserved up to 16 weeks.
IMMHANCE
IMMHANCE enrolled 507 subjects (407 randomised to risankizumab 150 mg and 100 to placebo).
Subjects received treatment at week 0, week 4, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Subjects who wereoriginally on risankizumab and had a sPGA of clear or almost clear at week 28 were re-randomised tocontinue risankizumab every 12 weeks through week 88 (with follow-up 16 weeks after lastrisankizumab dose) or have treatment withdrawn.
At week 16, risankizumab was superior to placebo on the co-primary endpoints of sPGA of clear oralmost clear (83.5% risankizumab vs 7.0% placebo) and PASI 90 (73.2% risankizumab vs 2.0%placebo).
Of the 31 subjects from the IMMHANCE study with latent tuberculosis (TB) who did not receiveprophylaxis during the study, none developed active TB during the mean follow-up of 55 weeks onrisankizumab.
Among subjects with sPGA of clear or almost clear at week 28 in IMMHANCE, 81.1% (90/111) ofsubjects re-randomised to continued treatment with risankizumab maintained this response at week104 compared with 7.1% (16/225) who were re-randomised to withdrawal from risankizumab. Ofthese subjects, 63.1% (70/111) of subjects re-randomised to continued treatment with risankizumabachieved a sPGA clear response at week 104 compared with 2.2% (5/225) who were re-randomised towithdrawal from risankizumab.
Among subjects who achieved sPGA of clear or almost clear at week 28 and relapsed to sPGA ofmoderate or severe following withdrawal from risankizumab, 83.7% (128/153) regained sPGA of clearor almost clear after 16 weeks of retreatment. Loss of sPGA of clear or almost clear was observed asearly as 12 weeks after a missed dose. Of those subjects who were re-randomised to withdraw fromtreatment, 80.9% (182/225) relapsed, and the median time to relapse was 295 days. No characteristicswere identified to predict the time to loss of response or likelihood of regaining response at theindividual patient level.
IMMVENT
IMMVENT enrolled 605 subjects (301 randomised to risankizumab and 304 to adalimumab). Subjectsrandomised to risankizumab received 150 mg of treatment at week 0, week 4, and every 12 weeksthereafter. Subjects randomised to adalimumab received 80 mg at week 0, 40 mg at week 1, and 40 mgevery other week through week 15. Starting at week 16, subjects who were receiving adalimumabcontinued or switched treatment based on response:
* <PASI 50 were switched to risankizumab
* PASI 50 to <PASI 90 were re-randomised to either continue adalimumab or switch torisankizumab
* PASI 90 continued to receive adalimumab
Results are presented in Table 4.
Table 4: Efficacy and quality of life results at week 16 in adults with plaque psoriasis in
IMMVENT
Risankizumab Adalimumab(N=301) (N=304)n (%) n (%)asPGA of clear or almost clear 252 (83.7) 183 (60.2)
PASI 75 273 (90.7) 218 (71.7)a
PASI 90 218 (72.4) 144 (47.4)
PASI 100 120 (39.9) 70 (23.0)b
DLQI 0 or 1 198 (65.8) 148 (48.7)
All comparisons achieved p<0.001a Co-primary endpointsb No impact on health-related quality of life
For subjects who had PASI 50 to <PASI 90 with adalimumab at week 16 and were re-randomised,differences in PASI 90 response rates between switching to risankizumab and continuing adalimumabwere noted 4 weeks after re-randomisation (49.1% vs 26.8%, respectively).
Results 28 weeks after re-randomisation are presented in Table 5 and Figure 4.
Table 5: Efficacy results 28 weeks after re-randomisation in IMMVENT
Switched to Continued on
Risankizumab Adalimumab(N=53) (N=56)n (%) n (%)
PASI 90 35 (66.0) 12 (21.4)
PASI 100 21 (39.6) 4 (7.1)
All comparisons achieved p<0.001
Figure 4: Time course of PASI 90 after re-randomisation in IMMVENT100%.t. ADA/RZB (N=53)90%
- O* * ADA/ADA (N=56)80%70%60%50%40%30% O .... -- -- O - - -O.* ''' '' .'(>'' % % .... -004. -20% * **40,' '11. '' 'O/10% /0%0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Weeks After Re-Randomisation
ADA/ADA: Subjects randomised to adalimumab and continued on adalimumab
ADA/RZB: Subjects randomised to adalimumab and switched to risankizumabp<0.05 at week 4 and p<0.001 at each time point beginning at week 8
Percent of Subjects
In 270 subjects who switched from adalimumab to risankizumab without a washout period, the safetyprofile of risankizumab was similar to that in subjects who initiated risankizumab after washout of anyprior systemic therapies.
Psoriatic arthritisRisankizumab has been shown to improve signs and symptoms, physical function, health-relatedquality of life, and the proportion of subjects with no radiographic progression in adults with activepsoriatic arthritis (PsA).
The safety and efficacy of risankizumab were assessed in 1 407 subjects with active PsA in 2randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (964 in KEEPSAKE1 and 443 in KEEPSAKE2).
Subjects in these studies had a diagnosis of PsA for at least 6 months based on the Classification
Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR), a median duration of PsA of 4.9 years at baseline, ≥ 5tender joints and ≥ 5 swollen joints, and active plaque psoriasis or nail psoriasis at baseline. 55.9% ofsubjects had ≥ 3% BSA with active plaque psoriasis. 63.4% and 27.9% of subjects had enthesitis anddactylitis, respectively. In KEEPSAKE1, where nail psoriasis was further assessed, 67.3% had nailpsoriasis.
In both studies, subjects were randomised to receive risankizumab 150 mg or placebo at weeks 0, 4,and 16. Starting from week 28, all subjects received risankizumab every 12 weeks.
In KEEPSAKE1, all subjects had a previous inadequate response or intolerance to non-biologic
DMARD therapy and were biologic naïve. In KEEPSAKE2, 53.5% of subjects had a previousinadequate response or intolerance to non-biologic DMARD therapy and 46.5% of subjects had aprevious inadequate response or intolerance to biologic therapy.
In both studies, 59.6% of subjects were receiving concomitant methotrexate (MTX), 11.6% werereceiving concomitant non-biologic DMARDs other than MTX, and 28.9% were receivingrisankizumab monotherapy.
Clinical responseTreatment with risankizumab resulted in significant improvement in measures of disease activitycompared with placebo at week 24. For both studies, the primary endpoint was the proportion ofsubjects who achieved an American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response at week 24. Thekey efficacy results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Efficacy results in studies KEEPSAKE1 and KEEPSAKE2
KEEPSAKE1 KEEPSAKE2
Placebo Risankizumab Placebo Risankizumab
Endpoint N=481 N=483 N=219 N=224n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
ACR20 Response
Week 16 161 (33.4) 272 (56.3) a 55 (25.3) 108 (48.3) a
Week 24 161 (33.5) 277 (57.3) a 58 (26.5) 115 (51.3) a
Week 52* - 338/433 (78.1) - 131/191 (68.6)
ACR50 Response
Week 24 54 (11.3) 162 (33.4) b 20 (9.3) 59 (26.3) b
Week 52* - 209/435 (48.0) - 72/192 (37.5)
ACR70 Response
Week 24 23 (4.7) 74 (15.3) b 13 (5.9) 27 (12.0) c
Week 52* - 125/437 (28.6) - 37/192 (19.3)
Resolution of Enthesitis (LEI=0)
Week 24* 156/448 (34.8) d 215/444 (48.4) a, d - -
Week 52* - 244/393 (62.1) d - -
Resolution of Dactylitis (LDI=0)
Week 24* 104/204 (51.0) e 128/188 (68.1) a, e - -
Week 52* - 143/171 (83.6) e - -
Minimal Disease Activity (MDA) Response
Week 24 49 (10.2) 121 (25.0) a 25 (11.4) 57 (25.6) a
Week 52* - 183/444 (41.2) - 61/197 (31.0)
*data are shown for available subjects in the format of n/N observed (%)a) multiplicity-controlled p≤0.001 risankizumab vs placebo comparison.b) nominal p≤0.001 risankizumab vs placebo comparison.c) nominal p≤0.05 risankizumab vs placebo comparison.d) Summarized from pooled data from KEEPSAKE1 and KEEPSAKE2 for subjects with baseline LEI>0.e) Summarized from pooled data from KEEPSAKE1 and KEEPSAKE2 for subjects with baseline LDI>0.
Response over time
In KEEPSAKE1, a greater ACR20 response was observed in the risankizumab group compared toplacebo as early as week 4 (25.7%) and the treatment difference continued over time to week 24(Figure 5).
Figure 5. Percent of subjects achieving ACR20 responses in study KEEPSAKE1 through week
Baseline Week 4 Week 8 Week 12 Week 16 Week 24
Visit○ Placebo (N=481) ──■── Risankizumab (N=483)
A greater ACR20 response for risankizumab versus placebo was seen as early as week 4 in 19.6% ofsubjects in KEEPSAKE2.
ACR20 response rate (%)
Responses observed in risankizumab groups were similar regardless of concomitant non-biologic
DMARD use, number of prior non-biologic DMARDs, age, gender, race, and BMI. In KEEPSAKE2,responses were seen regardless of prior biologic therapy.
The safety profile of risankizumab with up to 52 weeks of exposure was consistent with the profileobserved up to 24 weeks.
In both studies, the proportion of subjects achieving modified PsA Response Criteria (PsARC) at week24 was higher in subjects receiving risankizumab compared with placebo. In addition, subjectsreceiving risankizumab achieved greater improvement in Disease Activity Score (28 joints) using CRP(DAS28-CRP) compared with placebo at week 24. Improvements were maintained through week 52for PsARC and DAS28-CRP.
Treatment with risankizumab resulted in improvements in individual ACR components, Health
Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), pain assessment, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) compared with placebo.
Treatment with risankizumab resulted in statistically significant improvement in the skinmanifestations of psoriasis in subjects with PsA.
Treatment with risankizumab resulted in statistically significant improvement in the modified Nail
Psoriasis Severity Index (mNAPSI) and the 5-point Physician’s Global Assessment of Fingernail
Psoriasis (PGA-F) scores in subjects with nail psoriasis at baseline (67.3%) in KEEPSAKE1. Thisimprovement was maintained through week 52 (see Table 7).
Table 7. Nail psoriasis efficacy results in KEEPSAKE1
Placebo Risankizumab
N=338 N=309mNAPSI change from baseline a
Week 24 -5.57 -9.76 b
Week 52 - -13.64
PGA-F change from baseline a
Week 24 -0.4 -0.8 b
Week 52 - -1.2
PGA-F clear/minimal and ≥2-grade improvement c
Week 24 n (%) 30 (15.9) 71(37.8) d
Week 52 n (%) - 105 (58.0)a) Summarized for subjects with baseline nail psoriasis (Placebo N=338; risankizumab N=309;at week 52, for mNAPSI, observed risankizumab N=290, for PGA-F, observed risankizumab
N=291).b) Multiplicity-controlled p≤0.001 risankizumab vs placebo comparison.c) Summarized for subjects with nail psoriasis and a PGA-F overall global assessment score of‘Mild’, ‘Moderate’ or ‘Severe’ at Baseline (Placebo N=190; risankizumab N=188, at week 52observed risankizumab N=181).d) Nominal p≤0.001 risankizumab vs placebo comparison.
Radiographic responseIn KEEPSAKE1, inhibition of progression of structural damage was assessed radiographically andexpressed as the change in modified Total Sharp Score (mTSS) at week 24, compared with baseline.
The mTSS score was modified for PsA by addition of hand distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. Atweek 24, the mean progression of structural damage with risankizumab (mean mTSS 0.23) comparedwith placebo (mean mTSS 0.32) was not statistically significant. At week 24, the proportion ofsubjects with no radiographic progression (defined as a change from baseline in mTSS ≤ 0) was higherwith risankizumab (92.4%) compared with placebo (87.7%). This response was maintained throughweek 52.
Physical function and health related quality of life
In both studies, subjects treated with risankizumab showed statistically significant improvement frombaseline in physical function as assessed by HAQ-DI at week 24 (KEEPSAKE1 (-0.31) comparedwith placebo (-0.11) (p ≤0.001)), (KEEPSAKE2 (-0.22) compared with placebo (-0.05) (p ≤0.001)).
At week 24, a greater proportion of subjects achieved a clinically meaningful reduction of at least 0.35in HAQ-DI score from baseline in the risankizumab group compared with placebo. Improvements inphysical function were maintained through week 52.
In both studies, subjects treated with risankizumab demonstrated significant improvements in the
SF-36 V2 physical component summary scores and in FACIT-Fatigue scores at week 24, comparedwith placebo, with improvements maintained through week 52.
At baseline, psoriatic spondylitis was reported in 19.6% (7.9% diagnosed by radiograph or MRI) ofsubjects in KEEPSAKE1 and 19.6% (5% diagnosed by radiograph or MRI) of subjects in
KEEPSAKE2. Subjects with clinically assessed psoriatic spondylitis who were treated withrisankizumab showed improvements from baseline in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity
Index (BASDAI) scores compared with placebo at week 24. Improvements were maintained throughweek 52. There is insufficient evidence of the efficacy of risankizumab in subjects with radiograph- or
MRI-confirmed ankylosing spondylitis-like psoriatic arthropathy due to the small number of subjectsstudied.
Paediatric populationThe European Medicines Agency has deferred the obligation to submit the results of studies with Skyriziin one or more subsets of the paediatric population in the treatment of plaque psoriasis and psoriaticarthritis (see section 4.2 for information on paediatric use).