Indicated for: cancer; autoimmune inflammatory diseases
Substance: methotrexate (antimetabolite antineoplastic)
ATC: L04AX03 (Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents | Immunosuppressants | Other immunosuppressants)
Methotrexate is a medication used to treat various conditions, including autoimmune diseases and certain types of cancer. It is commonly prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis, severe psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and other chronic inflammatory diseases. It is also used in chemotherapy to treat leukemia, lymphomas, and other cancers.
Methotrexate works by inhibiting an enzyme called dihydrofolate reductase, which is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division. In autoimmune diseases, this mechanism helps reduce inflammation and immune system activity, while in cancer, it slows the growth of tumor cells.
Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, mouth ulcers, hair loss, and a decrease in blood cell counts. In rare cases, more serious reactions can occur, such as liver damage, lung problems, or bone marrow suppression. It is crucial to take methotrexate as prescribed by a doctor, with regular blood tests to monitor for potential complications.