Pharmacotherapeutic group: Meningococcal vaccines, ATC code: J07AH08.
ImmunogenicityThe efficacy of Menveo has been inferred by measuring the production of serogroup-specificanti-capsular antibodies with bactericidal activity. Serum bactericidal activity (SBA) was measuredusing human serum as the source of exogenous complement (hSBA). The hSBA was the originalcorrelate of protection against meningococcal disease.
Immunogenicity was evaluated in randomised, multicenter, active controlled clinical trials thatenrolled children (2-10 years of age), adolescents (11-18 years of age), adults (19-55 years of age)and older adults (56-65 years of age).
Immunogenicity in children 2 to 10 years of age
In the pivotal study V59P20 immunogenicity of Menveo was compared to ACWY-D; 1170 childrenwere vaccinated with Menveo and 1161 received the comparator vaccine in the per protocolpopulations. In two supportive studies V59P8 and V59P10 immunogenicity of Menveo was comparedto ACWY-PS.
In the pivotal, randomised, observer-blind study V59P20, in which participants were stratified by age(2 through 5 years and 6 through 10 years), the immunogenicity of a single dose of Menveo one monthpost vaccination was compared with the single dose of ACWY-D. Immunogenicity results one monthafter Menveo vaccination among subjects aged 2-5 years and 6-10 years are summarized belowin Table 1
Table 1: Serum bactericidal antibody responses following Menveo one month aftervaccination among subjects aged 2-5 years and 6-10 years2-5 years 6-10 years
Serogroup hSBA ≥1:8 hSBA GMTs hSBA ≥1:8 hSBA GMTs(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI)
A N=606 N=606 N=551 N=55172% 26 77% 35(68, 75) (22, 30) (74, 81) (29, 42)
C N=607 N=607 N=554 N=55468% 18 77% 36(64, 72) (15, 20) (73, 80) (29, 45)
W-135 N=594 N=594 N=542 N=54290% 43 91% 61(87, 92) (38, 50) (88, 93) (52, 72)
Y N=593 N=593 N=545 N=54576% 24 79% 34(72, 79) (20, 28) (76, 83) (28, 41)
In another randomised, observer-blind study (V59P8) US children were immunized with a single doseof either Menveo (N=284) or ACWY-PS (N=285). In the children 2-10 years of age, as well as in eachage strata (2-5 and 6-10 years), immune response as measured by percentage of subjects withseroresponse, hSBA≥1:8 and GMTs were not only non-inferior to comparator vaccine ACWY-PS,but all were statistically higher than the comparator for all serogroups and all immune measurementsat 1 month post vaccination. At 1 year post vaccination, Menveo continued to be statistically higherthan ACWY-PS for serogroups A, W-135 and Y, as measured by percentage of subjects withhSBA≥1:8 and GMTs. Menveo was non-inferior on these endpoints for serogroup C (Table 2).
The clinical relevance of higher post-vaccination immune responses is not known.
Table 2: Immunogenicity of one dose of Menveo or ACWY-PS in subjects 2 through 10 yearsof age, measured at one month and twelve months post-vaccination1 month post-vaccination 12 months post-vaccination
Sero hSBA ≥1:8 hSBA GMTs hSBA ≥1:8 hSBA GMTsgrou (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI)p ACWY- ACWY-P ACWY-
Menveo Menveo Menveo Menveo ACWY-PS
PS S PS
A N=280 N=281 N=280 N=281 N=253 N=238 N=253 N=2386.31 3.8879% 37% 36 23% 13% 3(5.21, 7.6 (3.39, pct. 4.4(74, 84) (31, 43) (30, 44) (18, 29) (9, 18) (2.61, 3.44)4) 4)
C N=281 N=283 N=281 N=283 N=252 N=240 N=252 N=24073% 54% 26 15 53% 44% 11 9.02(68, 78) (48, 60) (21, 34) (12, 20) (47, 59) (38, 51) (8.64, 13) (7.23, 11)
W-
N=279 N=282 N=279 N=282 N=249 N=237 N=249 N=23792% 66% 60 14 90% 45% 42 7.57(88, 95) (60, 71) (50, 71) (12, 17) (86, 94) (38, 51) (35, 50) (6.33, 9.07)
Y N=280 N=282 N=280 N=282 N=250 N=239 N=250 N=23988% 53% 54 11 77% 32% 27 5.29(83, 91) (47, 59) (44, 66) (9.29, 14) (71, 82) (26, 38) (22, 33) (4.34, 6.45)
In a randomised, observer-blind study (V59P10) conducted in Argentina, children wereimmunized with a single dose of either Menveo (N=949) or ACWY-PS (N=551). Immunogenicitywas assessed in a subset of 150 subjects in each vaccine group. The immune response observed inthe children 2-10 years of age was very similar to those observed in the V59P8 study shown above:
immune response to Menveo at 1 month post vaccination, as measured by percentage of subjectswith seroresponse, hSBA≥1:8 and GMTs, was non-inferior to ACWY-PS.
A randomised, observer-blind study was conducted in children 12 to 59 months of age in Finlandand Poland (V59P7). A total of 199 subjects 2-5 years of age were in the Menveo per protocolimmunogenicity population and 81 subjects 3-5 years of age were in the ACWY-PS group.
At 1 month post-first vaccination, the percentages of subjects with hSBA ≥ 1:8 were consistentlyhigher in the Menveo group for all four serogroups (63% vs 39%, 46% vs 39%, 78% vs 59%, and 65%vs 57% for Menveo as compared to ACWY-PS for serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y, respectively).
In a randomized, observer-blind study (V59_57) conducted in US, immunogenicity of a 2-dose seriesand a single dose of Menveo was compared in children 2 through 5 and 6 through 10 years of age(N=715).
At baseline, the percentage of subjects with hSBA ≥1:8 across the two age strata was 1%-5% forserogroup A, 13%-28% for serogroup C, 42%-64% for serogroup W-135, and 6%-19% for serogroup
Y. At 1 month post last vaccination, the percentages of subjects with hSBA ≥1:8 in the 2-dose groupand in the single dose group across the two age strata were: 90%-95% vs 76%-80% for serogroup A,98%-99% vs 76%-87% for serogroup C, 99% vs 93%-96% for serogroup W-135, and 96% vs 65%-69% for serogroup Y. GMTs were higher in the 2-dose group than the single dose group at 1 monthafter vaccination in both age strata; however, this difference was less pronounced in the older agestratum.
At 1 year post last vaccination, the percentages of subjects with hSBA ≥1:8 after the 2-dose series andthe single dose were both lower than at 1 month post-vaccination (30% after the 2-dose series, 11%-20% after the single dose for serogroup A; 61%-81% and 41%-55% for serogroup C; 92%-94% and90%-91% for serogroup W-135; 67%-75% and 57%-65% for serogroup Y). The differences betweenhSBA GMTs in the 2-dose and the single dose groups at 1 year after vaccination were lower thanthose seen at 1 month post-vaccination.
The clinical benefit of a 2-dose vaccination series in children 2 through 10 years of age is not known.
Persistence of immune response and booster response in children 2 to 10 years of age
Antibody persistence at 5 years after primary vaccination was assessed in study V59P20E1, this wasan extension of study V59P20. There was antibody persistence observed against serogroups C, W-135and Y, with the percentages of subjects with hSBA ≥ 1:8 being 32% and 56% against serogroup C insubjects 2-5 and 6-10 years of age, respectively, 74% and 80% against serogroup W-135, and 48% and53% against serogroup Y. GMTs were respectively 6.5 and 12 for serogroup C, 19 and 26 forserogroup W-135, and 8.13 and 10 for serogroup Y. For serogroup A, 14% and 22% of subjects 2-5and 6-10 years of age, respectively, had hSBA ≥ 1:8 (GMTs 2.95 and 3.73).
The children also received a booster dose of Menveo, 5 years after a single dose primary vaccination.
All subjects in both age groups had hSBA ≥ 1:8 across all serogroups, with antibody titers several foldhigher than seen after the primary vaccination (Table 3).
Table 3: Persistence of immune responses 5 years after primary vaccination with Menveo, andimmune responses 1 month after a booster dose among subjects aged 2 - 5 years and 6 -10 yearsat the time of primary vaccination
Serogr2-5 years 6-10 yearsoup1 month after 1 month after5 year persistence 5 year persistencebooster boosterhSBA hSBA hSBA hSBA hSBA hSBA hSBA hSBA≥1:8 GMTs ≥1:8 GMTs ≥1:8 GMTs ≥1:8 GMTs(95% (95% (95% (95% (95% (95% (95% (95%
CI) CI) CI) CI) CI) CI) CI) CI)
A N=96 N=96 N=95 N=95 N=64 N=64 N=60 N=602.95 100% 361 3.73 100% 35014% 22%(2.42, (96, (299, (2.74, (94, (265,(7, 22) (13, 34)3.61) 100) 436) 5.06) 100) 463)
C N=96 N=96 N=94 N=94 N=64 N=64 N=60 N=606.5 100% 498 12 100% 71232% 56%(4.75, (96, (406, (7.72, (94, (490,(23, 43) (43, 69)8.9) 100) 610) 19) 100) 1036)
W-135 N=96 N=96 N=95 N=95 N=64 N=64 N=60 N=60100% 1534 100% 155674% 19 80% 26(96, (1255, (94, (1083,(64, 82) (14, 25) (68, 89) (18, 38)100) 1873) 100) 2237)
Y N=96 N=96 N=94 N=94 N=64 N=64 N=59 N=598.13 100% 1693 10 100% 144248% 53%(6.11, (96, (1360, (6.51, (94, (1050,(38, 58) (40, 66)11) 100) 2107) 16) 100) 1979)
Immunogenicity in individuals 11 years of age and above
In the pivotal study (V59P13), adolescents or adults received either a dose of Menveo (N = 2649)comparator vaccine ACWY-D (N = 875). Sera were obtained both before vaccination and 1 monthafter vaccination.
In another study (V59P6) conducted in 524 adolescents, the immunogenicity of Menveo wascompared to that of ACWY-PS.
Immunogenicity in adolescents
In the 11-18 year old population of the pivotal study, V59P13, the immunogenicity of a single dose of
Menveo one month post vaccination is compared with the ACWY-D. Immunogenicity results at onemonth after Menveo are summarized below in Table 4.
Table 4: Serum bactericidal antibody responses following Menveo one month aftervaccination among subjects aged 11-18 years
GMT hSBA ≥ 1:8
Serogroup N(95% CI) (95% CI)
A 1075 29 (24, 35) 75% (73, 78)
C 1396 50 (39, 65) 85% (83, 87)
W-135 1024 87 (74, 102) 96% (95, 97)
Y 1036 51 (42, 61) 88% (85, 90)
In the subset of subjects aged 11-18 years who were seronegative at baseline (hSBA < 1:4),the proportion of subjects who achieved a hSBA ≥ 1:8 after a dose of Menveo were as follows:
serogroup A 75% (780/1039); serogroup C 80% (735/923); serogroup W-135 94% (570/609);serogroup Y 81% (510/630).
In the non-inferiority study, V59P6, immunogenicity was assessed among adolescentsaged 11-17 years who had been randomised to receive either Menveo or ACWY-PS. Menveo wasshown to be non-inferior to ACWY-PS vaccine for all four serogroups (A, C, W-135 and Y) based onseroresponse, proportions achieving hSBA ≥1:8, and GMTs.
Table 5: Immunogenicity of one dose of Menveo or ACWY-PS in adolescents, measured atone month post vaccinationhSBA ≥1:8 hSBA GMTs
Serogroup (95% CI) (95% CI)
Menveo ACWY-PS Menveo ACWY-PS
A N=140 N=149 N=140 N=14981% 41% 33 7.31(74, 87) (33, 49) (25, 44) (5.64, 9.47)
C N=140 N=147 N=140 N=14784% 61% 59 28(77, 90) (53, 69) (39, 89) (19, 41)
W-135 N=138 N=141 N=138 N=14191% 84% 48 28(84, 95) (77, 89) (37, 62) (22, 36)
Y N=139 N=147 N=139 N=14795% 82% 92 35(90, 98) (75, 88) (68, 124) (27, 47)
At one year post vaccination in these same subjects, compared with ACWY-PS, a higher proportion ofsubjects vaccinated with Menveo had hSBA ≥1:8 for serogroups C, W-135, and Y, with comparablelevels for serogroup A. Similar findings were observed in the comparison of hSBA GMTs.
Persistence of immune response and booster response in adolescents
In study V59P13E1, the persistence of immune responses against serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y wasassessed at 21 months, 3 years and 5 years post primary vaccination among subjects aged 11-18 yearsat the time of vaccination. The percentages of subjects with hSBA ≥ 1:8 remained constant againstserogroups C, W-135, and Y from 21 months to 5 years postvaccination in the Menveo group anddecreased slightly over time against serogroup A (Table 6). At 5 years after primary vaccination, therewere significantly higher percentages of subjects with hSBA ≥ 1:8 in the Menveo group than in thevaccine-naive control subjects against all the four serogroups.
Table 6: Persistence of immune responses approximately 21 months, 3 years and 5 yearsafter vaccination with Menveo (subjects were aged 11-18 years at the time of vaccination)
Percentages of subjects withhSBA GMTs
Serogroup Timepoint hSBA≥1:8
Menveo Menveo
N=100 N=10045 6.57 (4.77-9.05)21 months(35, 55)
A 38 5.63 (3.97-7.99)3 years(28, 48)35 4.43 (3.13-6.26)5 years(26, 45)
N=100 N=10061 11 (8.12-15)21 months(51, 71)
C 68 16 (11-25)3 years(58, 77)64 14 (8.83-24)5 years(54, 73)
N=99 N=9986 18 (14-25)21 months(77, 92)
W-135 85 31 (21-46)3 years(76, 91)85 32 (21-47)5 years(76, 91)
N=100 N=10071 14 (10-19)21 months(61, 80)
Y 69 14 (9.68-20)3 years(59, 78)67 13 (8.8-20)5 years(57, 76)
A booster dose of Menveo was administered 3 years after primary vaccination with Menveo or
ACWY-D. Both groups showed a robust response to the booster dose of Menveo at one month aftervaccination (100% of subjects had hSBA ≥ 1:8 across serogroups) and this response largely persistedthrough 2 years after the booster dose for serogroups C, W-135 and Y (with 87% to 100% of subjectswith hSBA ≥ 1:8 across serogroups). A small decline was observed in percentages of subjects withhSBA ≥ 1:8 against serogroup A, although percentages were still high (77% to 79%). GMTs declinedover time as expected but remained between 2- and 8-fold higher than prebooster values (Table 8).
In study V59P6E1, at one year post vaccination, the percentage of Menveo recipients with hSBA≥ 1:8 remained significantly higher compared with ACWY-PS recipients for serogroups C, W-135 and
Y, and similar between the two study groups for serogroup A. hSBA GMTs for serogroups W-135 and
Y were higher among Menveo recipients. In 5 years post vaccination, the percentage of Menveorecipients with hSBA ≥ 1:8 remained significantly higher compared with ACWY-PS recipients forserogroups C and Y. Higher hSBA GMTs were observed for serogroups W-135 and Y (Table 7).
Table 7: Persistence of immune responses approximately 12 months and 5 years aftervaccination with Menveo and ACWY-PS (subjects were aged 11-18 years at the time ofvaccination)
Percentages of subjects withhSBA GMTshSBA≥1:8
P Value P Value
Serogrou Timepo
Menveo Menveop int ACWY-P
Menveo vs Menveo ACWY-PS vs
S
ACWY- ACWY-
PS PS
N=50 N=50 N=50 N=5012 mont 41% 43% 5.19 6.190.73 0.54
A hs (27, 56) (28, 59) (3.34, 8.09) (3.96, 9.66)30% 44% 5.38 7.755 years 0.15 0.24(18, 45) (30, 59) (3.29, 8.78) (4.83, 12)
N=50 N=50 N=50 N=5012 mont 82% 52% 29 17<0.001 0.22
C hs (68, 91) (37, 68) (15, 57) (8.55, 33)76% 62% 21 205 years 0.042 0.92(62, 87) (47, 75) (12, 37) (12, 35)
N=50 N=50 N=50 N=5012 mont 92% 52% 41 10<0.001 <0.001
W-135 hs (80, 98) (37, 68) (26, 64) (6.41, 16)72% 56% 30 135 years 0.093 0.012(58, 84) (41, 70) (18, 52) (7.65, 22)
N=50 N=50 N=50 N=5012 mont 78% 50% 34 9.280.001 <0.001
Y hs (63, 88) (35, 65) (20, 57) (5.5, 16)76% 50% 30 8.255 years 0.002 <0.001(62, 87) (36, 64) (18, 49) (5.03, 14)
A booster dose of Menveo was administered 5 years after primary vaccination with Menveo or
ACWY-PS. At 7 days after the booster dose, 98%-100% of subjects who previously received Menveoand 73%-84% of subjects who previously received ACWY-PS achieved hSBA ≥1:8 againstserogroups A, C, W-135 and Y. At one month post vaccination, the percentages of subjects withhSBA≥1:8 were 98%-100% and 84%-96%, respectively.
A significant increase in the hSBA GMTs against all four serogroups was also observedat 7 and 28 days after the booster dose (Table 8).
Table 8: Response to Booster: bactericidal antibody responses to Menveo boosteradministered at 3 or 5 years after the primary vaccination with Menveo or ACWY-PS insubjects aged 11-17 years
Percentages of subjects withhSBA GMTshSBA≥1:8
V59P13E
V59P6E1 V59P13E1 V59P6E1
Serog Time (3 years(5 years post (3 years post (5 years postroup point postvaccination) vaccination) vaccination)vaccination)
ACWY-P ACWY-
Menveo Menveo Menveo Menveo
S PS
N=42 N=49 N=49 N=42 N=49 N=49
Pre-boo 21% 29% 43% 2.69 5.16 7.31ster (10, 37) (17, 43) (29, 58) (1.68, pct. 4.31) (3.46, 7.7) (4.94, 11)100% 73% 457 days - - (585, 191(93, 100) (59, 85) (25, 80)
A 7)100% 98% 94% 326 14728 days (514, 130(92, 100) (89, 100) (83, 99) (215, 494) (94, 232)5)79% 222 years - - - -(63, 90) (12, 41)
N=42 N=49 N=49 N=42 N=49 N=49
Pre-boo 55% 78% 61% 16 20 19ster (39, 70) (63, 88) (46, 75) (8.66, 31) (13, 33) (12, 31)100% 78% 367 days - - (893, 287(93, 100) (63, 88) (20, 64)
C 7)100% 100% 84% 597 5128 days (717, 206(92, 100) (93, 100) (70, 93) (352, 1014) (30, 86)6)95% 1242 years - - - -(84-99) (62-250)
N=41 N=49 N=49 N=41 N=49 N=49
Pre-boo 88% 73% 55% 37 29 12ster (74, 96) (59, 85) (40, 69) (21, 65) (17, 49) (7.02, 19)100% 84% 347 days - - (1042, 27(93, 100) (70, 93) (21, 54)
W-135 25)100% 100% 92% 673 4728 days (1090, 24(91, 100) (93, 100) (80, 98) (398, 1137) (32, 71)81)100% 932 years - - -(91, 100) (58, 148)
N=42 N=49 N=49 N=42 N=49 N=49
Pre-boo 74% 78% 51% 14 28 7.8ster (58, 86) (63, 88) (36, 66) (8.15, 26) (18, 45) (4.91, 12)98% 76% 217 days - - (1526, 42(89, 100) (61, 87) (13, 35)
Y 98)100% 100% 96% 532 6328 days (1340, 32(92, 100) (93, 100) (86, 100) (300, 942) (41, 98)68)95% 552 years - - - -(84, 99) (30, 101)
Immunogenicity in adults
In the pivotal immunogenicity trial, V59P13, immune responses to Menveo were assessed amongadults aged 19 to 55 years. Results are presented in Table 9. In the subset of subjects aged 19-55 yearswho were seronegative at baseline, the proportion of subjects who achieved a hSBA ≥ 1:8 after a doseof Menveo were as follows: serogroup A 67% (582/875); serogroup C 71% (401/563); serogroup W-135 82% (131/160); serogroup Y 66% (173/263).
Table 9: Serum bactericidal antibody responses following Menveo one month aftervaccination among subjects aged 19-55 years
GMT hSBA ≥ 1:8
Serogroup N(95% CI) (95% CI)
A 963 31 (27, 36) 69% (66, 72)
C 902 50 (43, 59) 80% (77, 83)
W-135 484 111 (93, 132) 94% (91, 96)
Y 503 44 (37, 52) 79% (76, 83)
The onset of immune response after the primary vaccination with Menveo in healthysubjects 18 through 22 years of age was evaluated in study V59P6E1. At 7 days post vaccination, 64%of subjects achieved hSBA ≥1:8 against serogroup A and 88% through 90% of subjects hadbactericidal antibodies against serogroups C, W-135 and Y. At one month post vaccination, 92%through 98% of subjects had hSBA ≥1:8 against serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y. A robust immuneresponse as measured by hSBA GMTs against all serogroups was also observed at 7 days(GMTs 34 through 70) and 28 days (GMTs 79 through 127) after a single dose vaccination.
Immunogenicity in older adults
The comparative immunogenicity of Menveo vs. ACWY-PS was evaluated in subjectsaged 56-65 years, in study V59P17. The proportion of subjects with hSBA ≥ 1:8 was non-inferior to
ACWY-PS for all four serogroups and statistically superior for serogroups A and Y (Table 10).
Table 10: Immunogenicity of one dose of Menveo or ACWY-PS in adults aged 56-65 years,measured at one month post vaccination.
Menveo ACWY-PS
Serogroup hSBA ≥ 1:8 hSBA ≥ 1:8(95% CI) (95% CI)
N=83 N=41
A 87% 63%(78, 93) (47, 78)
N=84 N=41
C 90% 83%(82, 96) (68, 93)
N=82 N=39
W-135 94% 95%(86, 98) (83, 99)
N=84 N=41
Y 88% 68%(79, 94) (52, 82)
Available data in children 2 to 23 months of age
The immunogenicity of Menveo in children 2 to 23 months of age was evaluated in several studies.
Although a high percentage of subjects achieved hSBA titers above 1:8 following 4-dose series of
Menveo, with lower percentages in studies of 2-dose series and of a single dose, Menveo wascompared to another meningococcal vaccine in only one pivotal study, where it failed to show aresponse at least equivalent to a monovalent conjugated serotype C vaccine (after a single dose at theage of 12 months). Currently available data are not sufficient to establish the efficacy of Menveo inchildren under 2 years of age. See section 4.2 for information on paediatric use.