Indicated for: immunosuppression
Route of administration: oral
Substance: azathioprine (immunosuppressant)
ATC: L04AX01 (Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents | Immunosuppressants | Other immunosuppressants)
Avoid live vaccines during treatment if contraindicated.
This medicine may increase the risk of infections.
This medicine may have important interactions with other medicines.
This medicine may lower blood cell counts.
Use during breastfeeding only on medical advice.
Use during pregnancy only on medical advice.
A genetic test may be needed before treatment.
Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive agent used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). It is also used to prevent organ rejection following transplants, particularly kidney transplants.
Azathioprine works by inhibiting purine synthesis, reducing the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, and suppressing the immune response. It is administered orally or intravenously, with the dose adjusted based on body weight and patient response.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and bone marrow suppression, which can lead to anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. In rare cases, severe adverse reactions such as hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, or an increased risk of infections and malignancies may occur. Regular monitoring of hematological and hepatic parameters is essential during treatment.
Azathioprine is an effective therapeutic option for managing autoimmune diseases and preventing organ rejection, contributing to improved quality of life for patients.