Indicated for: moderate to severe pain
Substance: tramadol (opioid analgesic)
ATC: N02AX02 (Nervous system | Opioids | Other opioids)
Tramadol is an opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pain. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system and inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, which helps reduce the perception of pain. It is commonly used for managing acute pain (such as post-surgical pain) or chronic pain associated with conditions like osteoarthritis or neuropathic pain.
Tramadol is available in the form of tablets, capsules, injectable solutions, or oral drops. The dosage and frequency of administration are determined by a doctor based on the severity of the pain and the patient's response to treatment.
Common side effects include nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, constipation, dry mouth, and excessive sweating. In rare cases, tramadol may cause seizures, respiratory depression, or severe allergic reactions. Prolonged use can lead to physical and psychological dependence, and abrupt discontinuation may result in withdrawal symptoms.
Tramadol is contraindicated in patients with severe respiratory depression, acute intoxication with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants. It should also be used with caution in patients with a history of seizures or those taking medications that affect serotonin levels, due to the risk of serotonin syndrome.