Indicated for: asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Route of administration: oral
Substance: theophylline (bronchodilator)
ATC: R03DA04 (Respiratory system | Other systemic drugs for obstructive airway diseases | Xanthines)
Theophylline is a medication used to treat and prevent symptoms associated with respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It belongs to a class of drugs called methylxanthines and works by relaxing the muscles in the walls of the airways, making breathing easier. Theophylline also has a mild anti-inflammatory effect on the lungs.
The medication is administered orally, in the form of tablets or extended-release capsules, or intravenously in acute cases. The dosage must be carefully adjusted, as theophylline has a narrow therapeutic window, and high blood levels can lead to toxicity.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headaches, insomnia, tremors, and palpitations. In severe cases, overdose can cause cardiac arrhythmias or seizures. Theophylline interacts with many drugs and foods, and its levels can be affected by factors such as smoking or liver conditions. It is important for patients to strictly follow their doctor’s instructions.