Pharmacotherapeutic group: Immunosuppressants, interleukin inhibitors, ATC code: L04AC13
Mechanism of actionIxekizumab is an IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity (< 3 pM) and specificity tointerleukin 17A (both IL-17A and IL-17A/F). Elevated concentrations of IL-17A have been implicatedin the pathogenesis of psoriasis by promoting keratinocyte proliferation and activation, as well as inthe pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis by driving inflammation leading toerosive bone damage and pathological new bone formation. Neutralisation of IL-17A by ixekizumabinhibits these actions. Ixekizumab does not bind to ligands IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E or
IL-17F.
In vitro binding assays confirmed that ixekizumab does not bind to human Fcγ receptors I, IIa, and IIIaor to complement component C1q.
Pharmacodynamic effectsIxekizumab modulates biological responses that are induced or regulated by IL-17A. Based onpsoriatic skin biopsy data from a phase I study, there was a dose-related trend towards decreasedepidermal thickness, number of proliferating keratinocytes, T cells, and dendritic cells, as well asreductions in local inflammatory markers from baseline to day 43. As a direct consequence treatmentwith ixekizumab reduces erythema, induration and desquamation present in plaque psoriasis lesions.
Ixekizumab has been shown to lower (within 1 week of treatment) levels of C-reactive protein, whichis a marker of inflammation.
Clinical efficacy and safetyAdult plaque psoriasis
The efficacy and safety of ixekizumab were assessed in three randomised, double-blind,placebo-controlled phase III studies in adult patients (N=3 866) with moderate to severe plaquepsoriasis who were candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy (UNCOVER-1, UNCOVER-2,and UNCOVER-3). The efficacy and safety of ixekizumab were also evaluated versus etanercept(UNCOVER-2 and UNCOVER-3). Patients randomised to ixekizumab who were sPGA (0,1)responders (static Physicians Global Assessment) at week 12 were re-randomised to receive placeboor ixekizumab for an additional 48 weeks (UNCOVER-1 and UNCOVER-2); patients randomised toplacebo, etanercept or ixekizumab who were sPGA (0,1) non-responders received ixekizumab for upto 48 weeks. In addition, long-term efficacy and safety were evaluated in all three studies for up to atotal of 5 years in patients who participated through the entire study.
64 % of patients had received prior systemic therapy (biologic, conventional systemic or psoralen andultraviolet A (PUVA)), 43.5 % prior phototherapy, 49.3 % prior conventional systemic therapy, and26.4 % prior biologic therapy. 14.9 % had received at least one anti-TNF alpha agent, and 8.7 % ananti-IL-12/IL-23. 23.4 % of patients had a history of psoriatic arthritis at baseline.
In all three studies, the co-primary endpoints were the proportion of patients who achieved a PASI 75response (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) and an sPGA of “0” (“clear”) or 1 (“minimal”) responseat week 12 versus placebo. The median baseline PASI score ranged from 17.4 to 18.3; 48.3 % to51.2 % of patients had a baseline sPGA score of severe or very severe, and mean baseline itch
Numeric Rating Scale (itch NRS) ranged from 6.3 to 7.1.
Clinical response at 12 weeks
UNCOVER-1 randomised 1 296 patients (1:1:1) to receive either placebo or ixekizumab (80 mg everytwo or four weeks [Q2W or Q4W] following a 160 mg starting dose) for 12 weeks.
Table 2. Efficacy results at week 12 in UNCOVER-1
Number of patients (%) Difference from placebo inresponse rate (95% CI)
Endpoints
Placebo Ixekizumab Ixekizumab Ixekizumab Ixekizumab(N = 431) 80 mg Q4W 80 mg Q2W 80 mg Q4W 80 mg Q2W(N = 432) (N = 433)sPGA of “0”(clear) or “1” 14 (3.2) 330 (76.4)a 354 (81.8)a 73.1 (68.8, 77.5) 78.5 (74.5, 82.5)(minimal)sPGA of “0” 0 149 (34.5)a 160 (37.0)a 34.5 (30.0, 39.0) 37.0 (32.4, 41.5)(clear)
PASI 75 17 (3.9) 357 (82.6)a 386 (89.1)a 78.7 (74.7, 82.7) 85.2 (81.7, 88.7)
PASI 90 2 (0.5) 279 (64.6)a 307 (70.9)a 64.1 (59.6, 68.7) 70.4 (66.1, 74.8)
PASI 100 0 145 (33.6)a 153 (35.3)a 33.6 (29.1, 38.0) 35.3 (30.8, 39.8)
Itch NRS 58 (15.5) 305 (80.5)a 336 (85.9)a 65.0 (59.5, 70.4) 70.4 (65.4, 75.5)reduction ≥ 4b
Abbreviations: N = number of patients in the intent-to-treat population
Note: patients with missing data were counted as non-respondersa p < 0.001 compared with placebob Patients with Itch NRS ≥ 4 at baseline: placebo N = 374, ixekizumab 80 mg Q4W N = 379,ixekizumab 80 mg Q2W N = 391
UNCOVER-2 randomised 1 224 patients (1:2:2:2) to receive either placebo, or ixekizumab (80 mgevery two or four weeks [Q2W or Q4W] following a 160 mg starting dose) or etanercept 50 mg twiceweekly for 12 weeks.
Table 3. Efficacy results at week 12 in UNCOVER-2
Difference from placebo in
Number of patients (%) response rate (95% CI)
Endpoints Ixekizumab Ixekizumab Etanercept Ixekizumab Ixekizumab
Placebo(N = 168) 80 mg Q4W 80 mg Q2W 50 mg twice 80 mg Q4W 80 mg Q2W(N = 347) (N = 351) weekly(N = 358)sPGA of “0”(clear) or “1” 4 (2.4) 253 (72.9)a,b 292 (83.2)a,b 129 (36.0)a 70.5 (65.3, 80.8 (76.3,(minimal) 75.7) 85.4)sPGA of “0”(clear) 1 (0.6) 112 (32.3)a,b 147 (41.9)a,b 21 (5.9)c 31.7 (26.6, 41.3 (36.0,36.7) 46.6)
PASI 75 4 (2.4) 269 (77.5)a,b 315 (89.7)a,b 149 (41.6)a 75.1 (70.2, 87.4 (83.4,80.1) 91.3)
PASI 90 1 (0.6) 207 (59.7)a,b 248 (70.7)a,b 67 (18.7)a 59.1 (53.8, 70.1 (65.2,64.4) 75.0)
PASI 100 1 (0.6) 107 (30.8)a,b 142 (40.5)a,b c 30.2 (25.2, 39.9 (34.6,19 (5.3) 35.2) 45.1)
Itch NRSreduction ≥ 4d 19 (14.1) 225 (76.8)a,b 258 (85.1)a,b 177 (57.8)a 62.7 (55.1, 71.1 (64.0,70.3) 78.2)
Abbreviations: N = number of patients in the intent-to-treat population
Note: patients with missing data were counted as non-responders.a p < 0.001 compared with placebo; b p < 0.001 compared with etanercept;c p < 0.01 compared with placebod Patients with Itch NRS ≥ 4 at baseline: placebo N = 135, ixekizumab 80 mg Q4W N = 293, ixekizumab80 mg Q2W N = 303, etanercept N = 306
UNCOVER-3 randomised 1 346 patients (1:2:2:2) to receive either placebo, or ixekizumab (80 mgevery two or four weeks [Q2W or Q4W] following a 160 mg starting dose) or etanercept 50 mg twiceweekly for 12 weeks.
Table 4. Efficacy results at week 12 in UNCOVER-3
Difference from placebo in
Number of patients (%) response rate (95% CI)
Endpoints
Ixekizumab Ixekizumab Etanercept
Placebo 80 mg Q4W 80 mg Q2W 50 mg twice Ixekizumab Ixekizumab(N = 193) (N = 386) (N = 385) weekly 80 mg Q4W 80 mg Q2W(N = 382)sPGA of “0”(clear) or “1” 13 (6.7) 291 (75.4)a,b 310 (80.5)a,b 159 (41.6)a 68.7 (63.1, 73.8 (68.5,(minimal) 74.2) 79.1)sPGA of “0”(clear) 0 139 (36.0)a,b 155 (40.3)a,b 33 (8.6)a 36.0 (31.2, 40.3 (35.4,40.8) 45.2)
PASI 75 14 (7.3) 325 (84.2)a,b 336 (87.3)a,b 204 (53.4)a 76.9 (71.8, 80.0 (75.1,82.1) 85.0)
PASI 90 6 (3.1) 252 (65.3)a,b 262 (68.1)a,b 98 (25.7)a 62.2 (56.8, 64.9 (59.7,67.5) 70.2)37.7 (32.8,
PASI 100 0 135 (35.0)a,b 145 (37.7)a,b 28 (7.3)a 35 (30.2, 39.7) 42.5)
Itch NRSreduction 33 (20.9) 250 (79.9)a,b 264 (82.5)a,b 200 (64.1)a 59.0 (51.2, 61.6 (54.0,≥ 4c 66.7) 69.2)
Abbreviations: N = number of patients in the intent-to-treat population
Note: patients with missing data were counted as non-respondersa p < 0.001 compared with placebob p < 0.001 compared with etanerceptc Patients with Itch NRS ≥ 4 at baseline: placebo N = 158, ixekizumab 80 mg Q4W N = 313, ixekizumab80 mg Q2W N = 320, etanercept N = 312
Ixekizumab was associated with a fast onset of efficacy with > 50 % reduction in mean PASI byweek 2 (Figure 1). The percentage of patients achieving PASI 75 was significantly greater forixekizumab compared with placebo and etanercept as early as week 1. Approximately 25 % of patientstreated with ixekizumab achieved a PASI score < 5 by week 2, more than 55 % achieved the PASIscore < 5 by week 4, and increased to 85 % by week 12 (compared to 3 %, 14 % and 50 % foretanercept). Significant improvements in itch severity were seen at week 1 in patients treated withixekizumab.
Figure 1. PASI score, percent improvement at each post baseline visit (mBOCF)) in theintent-to-treat population during the induction dosing period - UNCOVER-2 and UNCOVER-3
The efficacy and safety of ixekizumab was demonstrated regardless of age, gender, race, body weight,
PASI baseline severity, plaques location, concurrent psoriatic arthritis, and previous treatment with abiologic. ixekizumab was efficacious in systemic treatment-naive, biologic-naive,biologic/anti-TNF-exposed and biologic/anti-TNF-failure patients.
For patients identified as an sPGA (0,1) non-responder to etanercept at week 12 in UNCOVER-2(N = 200) and who were switched to ixekizumab 80 mg Q4W after a 4 week washout period, 73 %and 83.5 % of patients achieved sPGA (0,1) and PASI 75, respectively, after 12 weeks of treatmentwith ixekizumab.
In the 2 clinical studies that included an active comparator (UNCOVER-2 and UNCOVER-3), the rateof serious adverse events was 1.9 % for both etanercept and for ixekizumab, and the rate ofdiscontinuation due to adverse events was 1.2 % for etanercept and 2.0 % for ixekizumab. The rate ofinfections was 21.5 % for etanercept and 26.0 % for ixekizumab, with 0.4 % being serious foretanercept and 0.5 % for ixekizumab.
Maintenance of response at week 60 and up to 5 years
Patients originally randomised to ixekizumab and who were responders at week 12 (i.e., sPGA scoreof 0,1) in UNCOVER-1 and UNCOVER-2 were re-randomised to an additional 48 weeks of treatmentwith placebo or ixekizumab (80 mg every four or twelve weeks [Q4W or Q12W]).
For sPGA (0,1) responders at week 12 re-randomised to treatment withdrawal (i.e., placebo), themedian time to relapse (sPGA ≥ 3) was 164 days in integrated UNCOVER-1 and UNCOVER-2studies. Among these patients, 71.5 % regained at least an sPGA (0,1) response within 12 weeks ofrestarting treatment with ixekizumab 80 mg Q4W.
Table 5. Maintenance of response and efficacy at week 60(Studies UNCOVER-1 and UNCOVER-2)
Difference from placebo in
Number of patients (%) response rate (95% CI)
Endpoints 80 mg Q4W 80 mg Q2W 80 mg Q4W 80 mg Q2W 80 mg Q4W 80 mg Q2W(induction)/(induction)/(induction)/(induction)/(induction)/(induction) /
Placebo Placebo 80 mg Q4W 80 mg Q4W 80 mg Q4W 80 mg Q4W(maintenance) (maintenance) (maintenance) (maintenance) (maintenance) (maintenance)(N = 191) (N = 211) (N = 195) (N = 221)
Maintained 62.4 (55.1, 70.7 (64.2,sPGA of “0” a a 69.8) 77.2)(clear) or “1” 12 (6.3) 16 (7.6) 134 (68.7) 173 (78.3)(minimal)
Maintained or 47.7 (40.4, 56.0 (49.1,achievedsPGA 0 3 (1.6) 6 (2.8) 96 (49.2)a 130 (58.8)a 54.9) 62.8)(clear)
Maintained or 66.5 (59.3, 74.3 (68.0,achieved 15 (7.9) 19 (9.0) 145 (74.4)a 184 (83.3)a 73.7) 80.5)
PASI 75
Maintained or 62.0 (54.7, 71.7 (65.4,achieved 9 (4.7) 10 (4.7) 130 (66.7)a 169 (76.5)a 69.2) 78.0)
PASI 90
Maintained or 48.2 (40.9, 54.6 (47.7,achieved 3 (1.6) 6 (2.8) 97 (49.7)a 127 (57.5)a 55.4) 61.5)
PASI 100
Abbreviations: N = number of patients in the analysis population
Note: patients with missing data were counted as non-respondersa p < 0.001 compared with placebo
Ixekizumab was efficacious in the maintenance of response in systemic treatment-naive,biologic-naive, biologic/anti-TNF-exposed and biologic/anti-TNF-failure patients.
Significantly greater improvements at week 12 from baseline compared to placebo and etanerceptwere demonstrated in nail psoriasis (as measured by the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index [NAPSI]), inscalp psoriasis (as measured by Psoriasis Scalp Severity Index [PSSI]) and in palmoplantar psoriasis(as measured by Psoriasis Palmoplantar Severity Index [PPASI]) and were maintained at week 60 inpatients treated with ixekizumab who were sPGA (0,1) responders at week 12.
Of 591 subjects who received ixekizumab Q2W during the Induction Period then Q4W afterward instudy UNCOVER-1, UNCOVER-2, and UNCOVER-3, 427 subjects completed 5 years of ixekizumabtreatment, among those 101 patients required a dose escalation. Among the patients who completedthe week 264 assessment (N=427), 295 patients (69%), 289 patients (68%) and 205 patients (48%)were observed to have sPGA (0,1), PASI 90 and PASI 100 response, respectively, at week 264. DLQIwere collected after Induction Period in UNCOVER-1 and UNCOVER-2, 113 patients (66%) wereobserved to have DLQI (0,1) response.
Quality of life/patient-reported outcomes
At week 12 and across studies, ixekizumab was associated with statistically significant improvementin Health-related Quality of Life as assessed by mean decrease ranges from baseline in the
Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (ixekizumab 80 mg Q2W from -10.2 to -11.1, ixekizumab80 mg Q4W from -9.4 to -10.7, etanercept from -7.7 to -8.0 and placebo -1.0 to -2.0). A significantlygreater proportion of patients treated with ixekizumab achieved a DLQI 0 or 1. Across studies asignificantly greater proportion of patients treated with ixekizumab achieved a reduction of Itch NRS≥ 4 points at week 12 (84.6% for ixekizumab Q2W, 79.2% for ixekizumab Q4W and 16.5% forplacebo) and the benefit was sustained over time up to week 60 in patients treated with ixekizumabwho were sPGA (0 or 1) responders at week 12. There was not any evidence of worsening ofdepression up to 60 weeks treatment with ixekizumab as assessed by the Quick Inventory of
Depressive Symptomatology Self Report.
Post-marketing direct comparative studies
IXORA-S: In a double-blind study ixekizumab was superior against ustekinumab on the primary studyobjective PASI 90 response at week 12 (Table 6). Onset of response was superior on PASI 75 as earlyas week 2 (p < 0.001) and on PASI 90 and PASI 100 by week 4 (p < 0.001). Superiority ofixekizumab versus ustekinumab was also demonstrated in the subgroups stratified by weight.
Table 6. PASI-response rates from comparative study ixekizumab versus ustekinumabweek 12 week 24 week 52
Ixekizumab * Ustekinumab** Ixekizumab * Ustekinumab** Ixekizumab
* Ustekinumab**
Patients (n) 136 166 136 166 136 166
PASI 75, n (%) 120 (88.2 %) 114 (68.7 %) 124 (91.2 %) 136 (81.9%) 120 (88.2%) 126 (75.9 %)
PASI 90, n (%) 99 (72.8%)§ 70 (42.2 %) 113 (83.1 %) 98 (59.0 %) 104 (76.5%) 98 (59.0 %)
PASI 100, n (%) 49 (36.0 %) 24 (14.5 %) 67 (49.3%) 39 (23.5 %) 71 (52.2%) 59 (35.5 %)
* Ixekizumab 160 mg given as a loading dose followed by 80 mg at week 2,4,6,8,10 and 12, and80 mg Q4W thereafter
** Weight based dosing: Patients treated with ustekinumab received 45 mg or 90 mg at weeks 0 and 4,then every 12 weeks until week 52 (dosed by weight as per approved posology)§p < 0.001 versus ustekinumab (p value only provided for primary endpoint)
IXORA-R: Efficacy and safety of ixekizumab was also investigated in a 24-week randomised,double-blind, parallel-group study comparing ixekizumab to guselkumab, with ixekizumab beingsuperior as early as week 4 in achieving complete skin clearance and on the primary study objective(PASI 100 at week 12) and non-inferior on PASI 100 at week 24 (Table 7).
Table 7. Efficacy Responses from comparative study ixekizumab versus guselkumab,
Intent-to-Treat Populationa
Guselkulmab Ixekizumab Difference
Endpoint Time point (N=507) (N=520) (IXE - GUS), p-valueresponse, n (%) response, n (%) % (CI)
Primary Objective
PASI 100 Week 12 126 (24.9) 215 (41.3) 16.5 (10.8, 22.2) <0.001
Major Secondary Objectives
PASI 75 Week 2 26 (5.1) 119 (22.9) 17.8 (13.7, 21.8) <0.001
PASI 90 Week 4 40 (7.9) 109 (21.0) 13.1 (8.9, 17.3) <0.001
PASI 100 Week 4 7 (1.4) 35 (6.7) 5.4 (3.0, 7.7) <0.001
PASI 90 Week 8 182 (35.9) 304 (58.5) 22.6 (16.6, 28.5) <0.001sPGA (0) Week 12 128 (25.2) 218 (41.9) 16.7 (11.0, 22.4) <0.001
PASI 50 Week 1 47 (9.3) 143 (27.5) 18.2 (13.6, 22.8) <0.001
PASI 100 Week 8 69 (13.6) 154 (29.6) 16.0 (11.1, 20.9) <0.001
PASI 100 Week 24 265 (52.3) 260 (50.0) -2.3 (-8.4, 3.8) 0.414
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; GUS = guselkumab; IXE = ixekizumab; N = number ofpatients in the analysis population; n = number of patients in the specified category; PASI =psoriasis area and severity index; sPGA = static physician global assessment.
a Endpoints were gated in this order
Figure 2: PASI 100 at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 24, NRI
*p<0.001 vs guselkumab at weeks 4, 8, and 12
NRI = Non-Responder Imputation
Efficacy in genital psoriasis
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (IXORA-Q) was conducted in 149 adultsubjects (24% females) with moderate to severe genital psoriasis (sPGA of Genitalia score of ≥3), aminimum body surface area (BSA) involvement of 1% (60.4% had a BSA ≥ 10%) and previous failureof or intolerance to at least one topical therapy for genital psoriasis. Patients had at least moderateplaque psoriasis (defined as sPGA score of ≥ 3 and being candidates for phototherapy and/or systemictherapy) for at least 6 months.
Subjects randomised to ixekizumab received an initial dose of 160 mg followed by 80 mg every2 weeks for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved at least a '0'(clear) or '1' (minimal) response on the sPGA of Genitalia (sPGA of Genitalia 0/1). At week 12,significantly more subjects in the ixekizumab group than placebo group achieved a sPGA of Genitalia0/1 and a sPGA 0/1 independent of baseline BSA (baseline BSA 1% - <10% resp. ≥10%: sPGA of
Genitalia ‘’0” or “1”: Ixekizumab 71%, resp. 75%; placebo: 0%, resp. 13%). A significantly greaterproportion of patients treated with ixekizumab achieved a reduction in the PROs of severity of genitalpain, genital itch, impact of genital psoriasis on sexual activity, and Dermatology Quality of Life
Index (DLQI).
Table 8. Efficacy results at week 12 in Adults with genital psoriasis in trial IXORA-Q; NRI a
Endpoints Ixekizumab Placebo Difference fromplacebo (95% CI)
Number of patients (N) randomised N=75 N=74sPGA of Genitalia “0” or “1” 73% 8% 65% (53%, 77%)sPGA “0” or “1” 73% 3% 71% (60%, 81%)
DLQI 0,1b 45% 3% 43% (31%, 55%)
N with baseline GPSS Itch NRS Score ≥3 N=62 N=60
GPSS Genital Itch (≥3 point improvement) 60% 8% 51% (37%, 65%)
N with baseline SFQ Item 2 Score ≥2 N=37 N=42
SFQ-item 2 score, “0” (never limited) or 78% 21% 57% (39%, 75%)“1” (rarely limited)a Abbreviations: NRI = Non-Responder Imputation; sPGA = static Physician Global Assessment;
GPSS = Genital Psoriasis Symptom Scale; SFQ = Sexual Frequency Questionnaire; DLQI =
Dermatology Quality of Life Index; b Total DLQI score of 0,1 indicates skin condition has no effect atall on patient’s life. sPGA of “0” or “1” is equivalent to “clear” or “minimal”; NRS = Numeric
Rating Scale
Paediatric plaque psoriasisA randomised, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial (IXORA-Peds) enrolled201 children 6 to less than 18 years of age, with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (as defined by asPGA score ≥3, involving ≥10% of the body surface area, and a PASI score ≥12) who were candidatesfor phototherapy or systemic therapy, or were inadequately controlled on topical therapy.
Patients were randomised to placebo (n=56), etanercept (n=30) or ixekizumab (n=115) with dosingstratified by weight:
<25 kg: 40 mg at week 0 followed by 20 mg Q4W (n=4)25 kg to 50 kg: 80 mg at week 0 followed by 40 mg Q4W (n=50)>50 kg: 160 mg at week 0 followed by 80 mg Q4W (n=147)
Patients randomised to etanercept (patients with severe psoriasis) received 0.8 mg/kg, not exceeding50 mg per dose, every week from week 0 through week 11.
Response to treatment was assessed after 12 weeks and defined by the proportion of patients whoachieved the co-primary endpoint of an sPGA score of “0” (clear) or “1” (almost clear) with at least a2 point improvement from baseline and the proportion of patients that achieved a reduction in PASIscore of at least 75% (PASI 75) from baseline.
Other evaluated outcomes at week 12 included the proportion of patients who achieved PASI 90,
PASI 100, sPGA of “0” and an improvement of itch severity as measured by a reduction of at least4 points on an 11-point itch Numeric Rating Scale.
Patients had a median baseline PASI of 17 score ranging from 12-49. Baseline sPGA score wassevere or very severe in 49%. Of all patients, 22% had received prior phototherapy and 32% hadreceived prior conventional systemic therapy for the treatment of psoriasis.25% of patients (n=43) were below 12 years (14% of patients [n=24] were 6-9 years and 11% ofpatients [n=19] were 10-11 years); 75% (n=128) were 12 years or above.
The clinical response data are presented in Table 9.
Table 9. Efficacy results in pediatric patients with plaque psoriasis, NRI
Endpoints Ixekizumaba Placebo Difference vs Etanerceptb Difference vs(N=115) (N=56) placebo (95% (N=30) etanercept (95%n (%) n (%) CI) n (%) CI)bsPGA “0” (clear) or“1” (almost clear)cweek 4 55 (48) 4 (7) 40.7 (29.3, 52.0)f 0(0) 36.8 (21.5, 52.2)week 12c 93 (81) 6 (11) 70.2 (59.3, 81.0)f 16 (53) 23.0 (0.6, 45.4)sPGA “0” (clear) d 60 (52) 1 (2) 50.4 (40.6, 60.2)f 5 (17) 46.5 (26.2, 66.8)
PASI 75week 4 62 (54) 5 (9) 45.0 (33.2, 56.8)f 3 (10) 34.7 (15.6, 53.8)week 12c 102 (89) 14 (25) 63.7 (51.0, 76.4)f 19 (63) 20.9 (0.1, 41.7)
PASI 90d 90 (78) 3 (5) 72.9 (63.3, 82.5)f 12 (40) 36.3 (14.2, 58.5)
PASI 100d 57 (50) 1 (2) 47.8 (38.0, 57.6)f 5 (17) 43.9 (23.4, 64.3)
Itch NRS (≥4 point 59 (71) 8 (20) 51.1 (35.3, 66.9)f Not evaluated ---improvement) d, e
Abbreviations: N = Number of patients in the intent-to-treat population; NRI = Non-Responder
Imputation.
a At week 0, subjects received 160 mg, 80 mg, or 40 mg of ixekizumab, followed by 80 mg, 40 mg,or 20 mg every 4 weeks, depending on weight category, for 12 weeks.
b Comparisons to etanercept were performed within the sub-population of patients outside of US and
Canada with severe Ps (N for ixekizumab = 38).
c Co-primary endpoints.d Results at week 12.e Itch NRS (≥4 improvement) in patients with baseline Itch NRS ≥4. The number of ITT patientswith baseline Itch NRS Score ≥4 are as follows: ixekizumab, n = 83; PBO, n = 40.f p<0.001
Figure 3. Percent of patients achieving PASI 75 in pediatric psoriasis through week 12
Patients in the ixekizumab treatment group had clinically meaningful higher CDLQI/DLQI (0,1)responses at week 12 (NRI) compared with placebo. The difference between treatment groups wasapparent from as early as week 4.
There were greater improvements at week 12 from baseline compared to placebo in nail psoriasis (asmeasured by the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index [NAPSI=0: ixekizumab 18% (6/34), placebo 0%(0/12)]), in scalp psoriasis (as measured by Psoriasis Scalp Severity Index [PSSI=0: ixekizumab 69%(70/102), placebo 16% (8/50)]) and in palmoplantar psoriasis (as measured by Psoriasis Palmoplantar
Severity Index [PPASI 75: ixekizumab 53% (9/17), placebo 11% (1/9)]).
Psoriatic arthritisIxekizumab was assessed in two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III studies in780 patients with active psoriatic arthritis (≥3 swollen and ≥3 tender joints). Patients had a diagnosisof psoriatic arthritis (Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis [CASPAR] criteria) for a median of5.33 years and had current plaque psoriasis skin lesions (94.0%) or a documented history of plaquepsoriasis, with 12.1% of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis at baseline. Over 58.9%and 22.3% of the psoriatic arthritis patients had enthesitis and dactylitis at baseline, respectively.
Primary endpoint of both studies was American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response atweek 24, followed by a long-term extension period from week 24 to week 156 (3 years).
In Psoriatic Arthritis Study 1 (SPIRIT-P1), patients naive to biologic therapy with active psoriaticarthritis were randomised to placebo, adalimumab 40 mg once every 2 weeks (active control referencearm), ixekizumab 80 mg once every 2 weeks (Q2W), or 80 mg once every 4 weeks (Q4W). Bothixekizumab regimens included a 160 mg starting dose. 85.3% of patients in this study had receivedprior treatment with ≥1 cDMARD. 53% of patients had concomitant use of MTX at a mean weeklydose of 15.8 mg. 67% of patients who had concomitant use of MTX had a dose of 15 mg or greater.
Patients with an inadequate response at week 16 received rescue therapy (modification to backgroundtherapy). Patients on ixekizumab Q2W or Q4W remained on their originally assigned dose ofixekizumab. Patients receiving adalimumab or placebo were re-randomised 1:1 to ixekizumab Q2W or
Q4W at week 16 or 24 based on responder status. 243 patients completed the extension period of3 years on ixekizumab.
Psoriatic Arthritis Study 2 (SPIRIT-P2) enrolled patients who were previously treated with ananti-TNF agent and discontinued the anti-TNF agent for either lack of efficacy or intolerance(anti-TNF-IR patients). Patients were randomised to placebo, ixekizumab 80 mg once every 2 weeks(Q2W), or 80 mg once every 4 weeks (Q4W). Both ixekizumab regimens included a 160 mg startingdose. 56% and 35% of patients were inadequate responders to 1 anti-TNF or 2 anti-TNF, respectively.
SPIRIT-P2 evaluated 363 patients, of whom 41% had concomitant use of MTX at a mean weekly doseof 16.1 mg. 73.2% of patients who had concomitant use of MTX had a dose of 15 mg or greater.
Patients with an inadequate response at week 16 received rescue therapy (modification to backgroundtherapy). Patients in ixekizumab Q2W or Q4W remained on their originally assigned dose ofixekizumab. Patients receiving placebo were re-randomised 1:1 to ixekizumab Q2W or Q4W at week16 or 24 based on responder status. 168 patients completed the extension period of 3 years onixekizumab.
Signs and symptoms
Treatment with ixekizumab resulted in significant improvement in measures of disease activitycompared to placebo at week 24 (see Table 10).
Table 10. Efficacy results in SPIRIT-P1 and SPIRIT-P2 at week 24
SPIRIT-P1 SPIRIT-P2
Endpoints Difference from Difference fromplacebo in response placebo in responserate (95% CI) rate (95% CI)
PBO Ixekizumab Ixekizumab ADA Ixekizum Ixekizum PBO Ixekizumab Ixekizumab Ixekizum Ixekizum(N = 106) Q4W Q2W (N = 101) ab Q4W ab Q2W (N = 118) Q4W Q2W ab Q4W ab Q2W(N = 107) (N = 103) (N = 122) (N = 123)
ACR 20 response, n (%)week 24 27.8 31.9 33.8 28.532 (30.2) 62 (57.9) 64 (62.1) 58 (57.4) (15.0, (19.1, 23 (19.5) 65 (53.3) 59 (48.0) (22.4, (17.1,40.6)c 44.8)c 45.2)c 39.8)c
ACR 50 response, n (%)week 24 25.1 31.5 30.2 28.316 (15.1) 43 (40.2) 48 (46.6) 39 (38.6) (13.6, (19.7, 6 (5.1) 43 (35.2) 41 (33.3) (20.8, (19.0,36.6)c 43.3)c 39.5)c 37.5)c
ACR 70 response, n (%)week 24 28.3 22.117.7 (8.6, 12.2 (6.4,6 (5.7) 25 (23.4) 35 (34.0) 26 (25.7) c (18.2, 0 27 (22.1) 15 (12.2) (14.8,26.8) 18.0)c38.5)c 29.5)c
Minimal disease activity (MDA) n (%)week 24 25.7 24.5 20.214.8 (3.8,16 (15.1) 32 (29.9) 42 (40.8) 32 (31.7) (14.0, 4 (3.4) 34 (27.9) 29 (23.6) (15.9, (12.0,25.8)a37.4)c 33.1)c 28.4)c
ACR 50 and PASI 100 in patients with ≥3% BSA psoriasis skin involvement at baseline, n (%)week 24 27.3 30.717.6 (8.6, 14.7 (6.3,1 (1.5) 21 (28.8) 19 (32.2) 9 (13.2) (16.5, (18.4, 0 (0.0) 12 (17.6) 10 (14.7)26.7)cc 23.1)c38.1) 43.0)b
Abbreviations: ACR 20/50/70 = American College of Rheumatology 20%/50%/70% response rate;
ADA = adalimumab; BSA = body surface area; CI = confidence interval; Q4W = ixekizumab 80 mgevery 4 weeks; Q2W = ixekizumab 80 mg every 2 weeks; N = number of patients in the analysispopulation; n = number of patients in the specified category; NRI = non-responder imputation; PASI100 = psoriasis area and severity index 100% improvement; PBO = placebo.
Note: patients who were rescued at week 16 or discontinued or with missing data were imputed asnon-responders for week 24 analyses.
Concomitant cDMARDs included MTX, leflunomide and sulfasalazine.a p<0.05; b p<0.01; c p<0.001 compared with placebo.
In patients with pre-existing dactylitis or enthesitis, treatment with ixekizumab Q4W resulted inimprovement in dactylitis and enthesitis at week 24 compared to placebo (resolution: 78% vs. 24%;p<0.001, and 39% vs. 21%; p<0.01, respectively).
In patients with ≥3% BSA, the improvement in skin clearance at week 12 as measured by 75%improvement in Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI 75), was 67% (94/141) for those treated with the
Q4W dosing regimen, and 9% (12/134) for those treated with placebo (p<0.001). The proportion ofpatients achieving a PASI 75, PASI 90, and PASI 100 response at week 24 was greater withixekizumab Q4W compared to placebo (p<0.001). In patients with concomitant moderate to severepsoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, ixekizumab Q2W dose regimen showed significantly higher responserate for PASI75, PASI 90 and PASI 100 compared to placebo (p<0.001) and demonstrated clinicallymeaningful benefit over the Q4W dose regimen.
Treatment responses on ixekizumab were significantly greater than those on placebo as early asweek 1 for ACR 20, week 4 for ACR 50 and week 8 for ACR 70 and persisted through week 24;effects were maintained through 3 years for patients who remained in the study.
Figure 4. ACR 20 response in SPIRIT-P1 over time up to week 24100 PBO (N=106) ADA (N=101) IXE Q4 (N=107) IXE Q2 (N=103)c70 c c c c60 c50 cb0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Treatment Week
For both ixekizumab Q2W and Q4W: b p<0.01 and c p<0.001 compared with placebo.
In SPIRIT-P1 and SPIRIT-P2, similar responses for ACR 20/50/70 were seen in patients with psoriaticarthritis regardless of whether they were on concomitant cDMARDs, including MTX treatment, ornot.
In SPIRIT-P1and SPIRIT-P2, improvements were shown in all components of the ACR scoresincluding patient assessment of pain. At week 24 the proportion of patients achieving a modified
Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria (PsARC) response was greater in the ixekizumab -treated patientscompared to placebo.
ACR20 Responders, %
In SPIRIT-P1, efficacy was maintained up to week 52 as assessed by ACR 20/50/70, MDA, enthesitisresolution, dactylitis resolution, and PASI 75/90/100 response rates.
The efficacy and safety of ixekizumab was demonstrated regardless of age, gender, race, diseaseduration, baseline body weight, baseline psoriasis involvement, baseline CRP, baseline DAS28-CRP,concomitant corticosteroid use, and previous treatment with a biologic. Ixekizumab was efficacious inbiologic-naive, biologic-exposed and biologic-failure patients.
In SPIRIT-P1, 63 patients completed 3 years of Q4W ixekizumab treatment. Among the 107 patientswho were randomised to ixekizumab Q4W (NRI analysis in ITT population), 54 patients (50%),41 patients (38%), 29 patients (27%), and 36 patients (34%) were observed to have ACR20, ACR50,
ACR70, and MDA response, respectively, at week 156.
In SPIRIT-P2, 70 patients completed 3 years of Q4W ixekizumab treatment. Among the 122 patientswho were randomised to ixekizumab Q4W (NRI analysis in ITT population), 56 patients (46%),39 patients (32%), 24 patients (20%) and 33 (27%) were observed to have ACR20, ACR50, ACR70,and MDA response, respectively, at week 156.
Radiographic responseIn SPIRIT-P1, inhibition of progression of structural damage was assessed radiographically andexpressed as the change in modified total Sharp Score (mTSS) and its components, the Erosion
Score (ES) and the Joint Space Narrowing score (JSN) at weeks 24 and 52, compared to baseline.week 24 data are presented in Table 11.
Table 11. Change in modified Total Sharp Score in SPIRIT-P1
Difference from placebo(95% CI)
PBO Ixekizumab Ixekizumab ADA Ixekizumab Ixekizumab(N = 106) Q4W Q2W (N = 101) Q4W Q2W(N = 107) (N = 103)
Baseline score, mean (SD) 17.6 (28.62) 19.2 (32.68) 15.2 (28.86) 15.9 (27.37) NA NA
Change from baseline at -0.33 -0.42week 24, LSM (SE) 0.51 (0.092) 0.18 (0.090) 0.09 (0.091) 0.13 (0.093) (-0.57,-0.09)b (-0.66,-0.19)c
Abbreviations: ADA = adalimumab; CI = confidence interval; Q4W = ixekizumab 80 mg every4 weeks; Q2W = ixekizumab 80 mg every 2 weeks; LSM = least squares mean; N = number of patientsin the analysis population; PBO = placebo; SE = standard error; SD = standard deviation.b p<0.01; c p<0.001 compared with placebo.
Radiographic joint damage progression was inhibited by ixekizumab (Table 11) at week 24, and thepercentage of patients with no radiographic joint damage progression (defined as a change frombaseline in mTSS of ≤0.5) from randomisation to week 24 was 94.8% for ixekizumab Q2W (p<0.001),89.0% for ixekizumab Q4W (p=0.026), 95.8% for adalimumab (p<0.001), all compared to 77.4% forplacebo. At week 52, the mean change from baseline in mTSS was 0.27 for placebo/ ixekizumab Q4W,0.54 for ixekizumab Q4W/ ixekizumab Q4W, and 0.32 for adalimumab/ ixekizumab Q4W. Thepercentage of patients with no radiographic joint damage progression from randomisation to week 52was 90.9% for placebo/ ixekizumab Q4W, 85.6% for ixekizumab Q4W/ ixekizumab Q4W, and 89.4%for adalimumab/ ixekizumab Q4W. Patients had no structural progression from baseline (defined asmTSS≤0.5) in the treatment arms as follows: Placebo/ ixekizumab Q4W 81.5% (N=22/27),ixekizumab Q4W/ ixekizumab Q4W 73.6% (N=53/72), and adalimumab/ ixekizumab Q4W 88.2%(N=30/34).
Physical function and health-related quality of lifeIn both SPIRIT-P1 and SPIRIT-P2, patients treated with ixekizumab Q2W (p<0.001) and Q4W(p<0.001) showed significant improvement in physical function compared to patients treated withplacebo as assessed by Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) at week 24,and maintained at week 52 in SPIRIT-P1.
Ixekizumab -treated patients reported improvements in health-related quality of life as measured bythe Physical Component Summary of the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36 PCS) score(p<0.001). There were also improvements demonstrated in fatigue as assessed by Fatigue severity
NRS scores (p<0.001).
Post-marketing phase 4, direct comparative study
Efficacy and safety of ixekizumab was investigated in a multicenter, randomised, open-label,rater-blinded, parallel-group study (SPIRIT-H2H) compared to adalimumab (ADA) in 566 patientswith PsA who were naïve to biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARD). Patientswere stratified at baseline based on concomitant cDMARD use and presence of moderate-to-severepsoriasis (PASI≥12, BSA≥10 and sPGA≥3).
Ixekizumab was superior to ADA on the primary study objective: simultaneous achievement of
ACR 50 and PASI 100 response at week 24 (ixekizumab 36.0% vs ADA 27.9%; p=0.036; 95%confidence interval [0.5%, 15.8%]). Ixekizumab also showed non-inferiority (pre-specified margin of -12%) to ADA on ACR 50 (ITT analysis: ixekizumab 50.5% vs ADA 46.6%; 3.9% difference vs.
ADA; 95% confidence interval [-4.3%; 12.1%]; PPS analysis ixekizumab: 52.3%, ADA: 53.1%,difference: -0.8% [CI: -10.3%; 8.7%]) and superiority on PASI 100 at week 24 (60.1 % withixekizumab vs 46.6% with ADA, p=0.001), which were the major secondary endpoints in the study.
At week 52 a higher proportion of patients treated with ixekizumab versus ADA simultaneouslyachieved ACR50 and PASI 100 [39% (111/283) versus 26% (74/283)] and PASI 100 [64% (182/283)versus 41% (117/283)]. Ixekizumab and ADA treatment resulted in similar responses for ACR50[49.8% (141/283) versus 49.8% (141/283)]. Responses to ixekizumab were consistent when used asmonotherapy or with concomitant use of methotrexate.
Figure 5. Primary endpoint (simultaneous ACR 50 & PASI 100) and major secondaryendpoints (ACR 50; PASI 100) response rates week 0 - 24 [ITT population, NRI]**
** Ixekizumab 160 mg week 0, then 80 mg every 2 weeks to week 12 and every 4 weeks thereafter forpatients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis or 160 mg week 0, then 80 mg every 4 week forother patients, ADA 80 mg week 0, then 40 mg every 2 weeks from week 1 for patients with moderateto severe plaque psoriasis or 40 mg week 0, then 40 mg every 2 weeks for other patients.
Significance level only provided for endpoint that was pre-defined and multiplicity tested.
Axial spondyloarthritisIxekizumab was assessed in a total of 960 adult patients with axial spondyloarthritis in threerandomised placebo-controlled studies (two in radiographic and one in non-radiographic axialspondyloarthritis).
Radiographic axial spondyloarthritis
Ixekizumab was assessed in a total of 657 patients in two randomised, double-blind,placebo-controlled studies (COAST-V and COAST-W) in adult patients who had active disease asdefined by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) ≥4 and total back pain≥4 on a numeric rating scale despite non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy. Acrossboth studies at baseline, patients had symptoms for a mean of 17 years (median of 16 years). Atbaseline, approximately 32% of the patients were on a concomitant cDMARD.
COAST-V evaluated 341 biologic-naive patients treated with either ixekizumab 80 mg or 160 mg atweek 0 followed by 80 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) or 4 weeks (Q4W), adalimumab 40 mg every2 weeks, or with placebo. Patients receiving placebo were re-randomised at week 16 to receiveixekizumab (160 mg starting dose, followed by 80 mg Q2W or Q4W). Patients receiving adalimumabwere re-randomised at week 16 to receive ixekizumab (80 mg Q2W or Q4W).
COAST-W evaluated 316 patients who had prior experience with 1 or 2 TNF-inhibitors (90% wereinadequate responders and 10% were intolerant to TNF inhibitors). All patients were treated withixekizumab 80 or 160 mg at week 0 followed by 80 mg Q2W or Q4W, or with placebo. Patientsreceiving placebo were re-randomised at week 16 to receive ixekizumab (160 mg initial dose,followed by 80 mg Q2W or Q4W).
The primary endpoint in both studies was the percentage of patients achieving an Assessment of
Spondyloarthritis International Society 40 (ASAS40) response at week 16.
Clinical responseIn both studies, patients treated with ixekizumab 80 mg Q2W or 80 mg Q4W demonstrated greaterimprovements in ASAS40 and ASAS20 responses compared to placebo at week 16 (Table 12).
Responses were similar in patients regardless of concomitant therapies. In COAST-W, responses wereseen regardless of the number of prior TNF inhibitors.
Table 12. Efficacy results in COAST-V and COAST-W at week 16
COAST-V, biologic-naive COAST-W, TNF-inhibitor experienced
Ixekizumab Difference Adalimumab Ixekizum80 mg from placebo g ab
Q4Wa Placebo 40 mg Placebo(N=81) (N=87) Q2W 80 mg
Q4Wc (N=104) Difference(N=90) from placebo g(N=114)
ASAS20 responseb, n (%), 52 (64.2%) 35 24.0 (9.3, 53 (58.9%) 55 31 18.4 (5.7, 31.1)
NRI (40.2%) 38.6) ** (48.2%) (29.8%) **
ASAS40 responseb,c, n (%), 39 (48.1%) 16 29.8 (16.2, 32 (35.6%) 29 13 12.9 (2.7, 23.2)
NRI (18.4%) 43.3) *** (25.4%) (12.5%) *
ASDAS
Change from baseline -1.4 -0.5 -1.0 (-1.3, -0.7) -1.3*** -1.2 -0.1 -1.1 (-1.3, -0.8)
Baseline 3.7 3.9 *** 3.7 4.2 4.1 ***
BASDAI Score
Change from baseline -2.9 -1.4 -1.5 (-2.1, -0.9) -2.5*** -2.2 -0.9 -1.2 (-1.8, -0.7)
Baseline 6.8 i 6.8 i *** 6.7 i 7.5 7.3 ***
MRI Spine SPARCCd
Change from baseline -11.0 -1.5 -9.5 (-12.6, -11.6*** -3.0 3.3 -6.3 (-10.0,
Baseline 14.5 15.8 -6.4) *** 20.0 8.3 6.4 -2.5) **
BASDAI50e n (%), NRI 34 (42.0%) 15 24.7 (11.4, 29 (32.2%)* 25 10 12.3 (2.8,(17.2%) 38.1) *** (21.9%)i (9.6%)i 21.8)*
ASDAS <2.1, n (%) (low 35 (43.2%)h 11 30.6 (17.7, 34 20 5 (4.8%) 12.7 ( 4.6,disease activity), NRI (12.6%) 43.4) *** (37.8%)*** h (17.5%) 20.8) **h
ASDAS <1.3, n (%) 13 (16.0%) 2 13.8 (5.2, 22.3) 14 (15.6%)** 4 (3.5%)i 1 (1.0%)i 2.5 (-1.3, 6.4)(inactive disease), NRI (2.3%) **
ASAS HIf
Change from baseline -2.4 -1.3 -1.1 (-2.0, -0.3) -2.3* -1.9 -0.9 -1.0 (-1.9, -0.1)
Baseline 7.5 8.1 * 8.2 10.0 9.0 *
SF-36 PCS
Change from baseline 7.7 3.6 4.1 (1.9, 6.2) 6.9** 6.6 1.4 5.2 (3.0, 7.4)
Baseline 34.0 32.0 *** 33.5 27.5 30.6 ***
Abbreviations: N = number of patients in the intent-to-treat population; NRI = Non-responder
Imputation; patients with missing data were counted as non-responders.
ASAS HI = Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Health Index; ASDAS = Ankylosing
Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; BASDAI = Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index;
CFB = least square mean change from baseline at week 16; MRI Spine SPARCC = Spondyloarthritis
Research Consortium of Canada Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring of the Spine(23 discovertebral unit scale)a At week 0, patients received 80 mg or 160 mg of ixekizumab.b An ASAS20 response is defined as a ≥20% improvement and an absolute improvement frombaseline of ≥1 unit (range 0 to 10) in ≥3 of 4 domains (Patient Global, Spinal Pain, Function,and Inflammation), and no worsening of ≥20% and ≥1 unit (range 0 to 10) in the remainingdomain. An ASAS40 response is defined as a ≥40% improvement and an absolute improvementfrom baseline of ≥2 units in ≥3 of 4 domains without any worsening in the remaining domain.
c Primary endpoint.d The numbers of ITT patients with MRI data at baseline are as follows: COAST-V: ixekizumab,n = 81; PBO, n = 82; ADA, n=85. COAST-W: ixekizumab, n = 58; PBO, n = 51.e BASDAI50 response defined as an improvement of ≥50% of the BASDAI score from baseline.f ASAS HI: Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Health Index (ASAS HI) acrossall domains.g The reported values are difference in %( 95% CI) for categorical variables, and difference in
LSM (95% CI) for continuous variables.h post hoc analysis, not multiplicity corrected.i prespecified, but not multiplicity gated.
* p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001 compared with placebo.
There were improvements in the main components of the ASAS40 response criteria (spinal pain,
BASFI, patient global assessment, stiffness) and other measures of disease activity, including CRP, atweek 16.
Figure 6. Percent of patients achieving ASAS40 responses in COAST-V and COAST-Wthrough week 16, NRIaa Patients with missing data were counted as non-responders.
* p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001 compared with placebo.
Similar response in ASAS40 was seen in patients regardless of baseline CRP levels, baseline ASDASscores and MRI spine SPARCC scores. The ASAS40 response was demonstrated regardless of age,gender, race, disease duration, baseline body weight, baseline BASDAI score and prior biologictreatment.
In COAST-V and COAST-W efficacy was maintained up to week 52 as assessed by the endpointspresented in Table 12, including ASAS20, ASAS40, ASDAS, BASDAI, and ASAS HI response rates.
Health-related outcomes
Spinal pain showed improvements versus placebo as early as week 1, maintained through week 16[ixekizumab vs placebo: COAST-V -3.2 vs -1.7; COAST-W -2.4 vs -1.0]; fatigue and spinal mobilityshowed improvements versus placebo at week 16. Improvements in spinal pain, fatigue and spinalmobility were maintained through week 52.
Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis
Ixekizumab was assessed in a randomised, double-blind study with a 52-week placebo-controlledperiod (COAST-X) in 303 adult patients with active axial spondyloarthritis for at least 3 months.
Patients must have had objective signs of inflammation indicated by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)and/or sacroiliitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and no definitive radiographic evidence ofstructural damage on sacroiliac joints. Patients had active disease as defined by the Bath Ankylosing
Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) ≥4, and spinal pain ≥4 on a 0 to 10 Numerical Rating
Scale (NRS), despite non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy. Patients were treatedwith either ixekizumab 80 mg or 160 mg at week 0, followed by 80 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) or80 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) or with placebo. Dose adjustment and/or initiation of concomitantmedications (NSAIDs, cDMARDs, corticosteroids, analgesics) were permitted starting at week 16.
At baseline, patients had symptoms of non-radiographic axSpA for an average of 11 years.
Approximately 39% of the patients were on a concomitant cDMARD.
The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients achieving an Assessment of Spondyloarthritis
International Society 40 (ASAS40) response at week 16.
Clinical responseHigher proportions of patients treated with ixekizumab 80 mg Q4W achieved ASAS40 responsecompared to placebo at week 16 (Table 13). Responses were similar regardless of concomitanttherapies.
Table 13. Efficacy results at week 16 in COAST-X, NRI a,b
Ixekizumab 80 mg Q4Wc Placebo(N=96) (N=105) Difference fromplacebo h
ASAS20 responsed, n (%), NRI 52 (54.2%) 41 (39.0%) 15.1 (1.5, 28.8)*
ASAS40 responsed,e, n (%), NRI 34 (35.4%) 20 (19.0%) 16.4 (4.2, 28.5)**
ASDAS
Change from baseline -1.1 -0.6 -0.5 (-0.8, -0.3) ***
Baseline 3.8 3.8
BASDAI Score
Change from baseline -2.2 -1.5 -0.7 (-1.3, -0.1) *
Baseline 7.0 7.2
MRI SIJ SPARCCf
Change from baseline -3.4 -0.3 -3.1 (-4.6, -1.6) ***
Baseline 5.1 6.3
ASDAS <2.1, n (%) 26 (27.7%) 13 (12.4%) 15.3 (4.3, 26.3) **(low disease activity), NRIg
SF-36 PCS
Change from baseline 8.1 5.2 2.9 (0.6, 5.1) *
Baseline 33.5 32.6a Abbreviations: N = number of patients in the intent-to-treat population; NRI = Non-responder
Imputation. ASDAS = Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; BASDAI = Bath Ankylosing
Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; Change from baseline = least square mean change from baselineat week 16; MRI SIJ SPARCC = Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Magnetic
Resonance Imaging Scoring of the sacroiliac joint.
b Patients with missing data were counted as non-responders.c At week 0, patients received 80 mg or 160 mg of ixekizumab.d An ASAS20 response is defined as a ≥20% improvement and an absolute improvement from baselineof ≥1 units (range 0 to 10) in ≥3 of 4 domains (Patient Global, Spinal Pain, Function, and
Inflammation), and no worsening of ≥20% and ≥1 unit (range 0 to 10) in the remaining domain. An
ASAS40 response is defined as a ≥40% improvement and an absolute improvement from baseline of≥2 units in ≥3 of 4 domains without any worsening in the remaining domain.
e Primary endpoint at week 16.f The numbers of ITT patients with MRI data at baseline and week 16 are as follows: ixekizumab,n = 85; PBO, n = 90.g Patients with missing data were counted as non-responders. Percentages are based on the number ofpatients in the ITT population with baseline ASDAS ≥2.1.h The reported values are difference in %( 95% CI) for categorical variables, and difference in
LSM (95% CI) for continuous variables.
* p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001 compared with placebo.
The improvement in the main components of the ASAS40 response criteria (spinal pain, BASFI,patient global assessment, stiffness) and other measures of disease activity demonstrated significantclinical improvement at week 16.
Figure 7. Percent of patients achieving ASAS40 response through week 16 in COAST-X, NRIaa Patients with missing data were counted as non-responders.
** p<0.01 compared with placebo.
Efficacy was maintained up to week 52 as assessed by the endpoints presented in Table 13.
Health-related outcomes
Spinal pain showed improvements versus placebo as early as week 1 and was maintained throughweek 16 [ixekizumab vs placebo: COAST-X: -2.4 vs -1.5]. In addition, more patients on ixekizumabcompared with placebo achieved good health status (ASAS HI ≤5) at week 16 and week 52.
Long-term outcomes Axial Spondyloarthritis
Patients who completed one of the three pivotal studies COAST-V/W/X (52 weeks) were offeredparticipation in a long-term extension and randomised withdrawal study (COAST-Y, with 350 and423 patients enrolled on ixekizumab Q4W and Q2W, respectively). Among those who achievedremission 157/773 (20.3%) (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score [ASDAS] <1.3 at leastonce, and no ASDAS score ≥2.1, at weeks 16 and 20), 155 patients exposed to ixekizumab up to76 weeks were randomised at week 24 of the COAST-Y study (Placebo, N=53; ixekizumab Q4W,
N=48; and ixekizumab Q2W, N=54); of these, 148 (95.5%) completed the week 64 visit (Placebo,
N=50; ixekizumab Q4W, N=47; ixekizumab Q2W, N=51). The primary endpoint was the proportionof patients in the randomised withdrawal population who did not experience a flare duringweeks 24-64 (combined ixekizumab Q2W and ixekizumab Q4W groups versus placebo). Asignificantly larger proportion of patients (NRI) in the combined ixekizumab groups (83.3% (85/102),p<0.001) and ixekizumab Q4W (83.3 % (40/48), p=0.003) had no flare during weeks 24-64 comparedwith those who withdrew from ixekizumab to placebo (54.7 % (29/53)). ixekizumab (in bothcombined ixekizumab groups and ixekizumab Q4W group) significantly delayed the time to flare(Log-Rank Test p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively) compared to Placebo.
In patients who received ixekizumab Q4W continuously (N=157), the ASAS40, ASDAS <2.1 and
BASDAI50 responses were maintained to week 116.
ImmunisationsIn a study in healthy subjects, no safety concerns were identified of two inactivated vaccines (tetanusand pneumococcal), received after two doses of ixekizumab (160 mg followed by a second dose of80 mg two weeks later). However, the data concerning immunisation were insufficient to conclude onan adequate immune response to these vaccines following administration of ixekizumab.
Paediatric populationThe European Medicines Agency has deferred the obligation to submit the results of studies withixekizumab in one or more subsets of the paediatric population in the treatment of plaque psoriasis andpsoriatic arthritis/axial spondyloarthritis (see section 4.2 for information on paediatric use).