Indicated for: schizophrenia; bipolar disorder
Route of administration: oral
Substance: ziprasidone (antipsychotic)
ATC: N05AE04 (Nervous system | Antipsychotics | Indole derivatives)
Ziprasidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder. It works by regulating the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and serotonin, helping to reduce psychotic symptoms and stabilize mood.
The mechanism of action of ziprasidone involves blocking dopamine D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, which helps reduce hallucinations, delusions, and other psychotic symptoms. Additionally, ziprasidone affects other serotonin receptors (such as 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C), which may contribute to its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects.
Ziprasidone is available in oral capsule form and as an injectable solution. Oral administration is typically done twice daily with food to enhance absorption. The injectable form is used in acute situations, such as severe agitation associated with schizophrenia. The dosage is adjusted based on the patient’s response and tolerability.
While effective, ziprasidone may cause side effects. The most common include drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, weight gain, and agitation. In rare cases, more serious reactions such as QT interval prolongation (which can lead to cardiac arrhythmias), neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or tardive dyskinesia may occur. Regular monitoring is important, especially for patients with cardiovascular risk factors.