Indicated for: infertility
Route of administration: oral
Substance: clomiphene (selective estrogen receptor modulator)
ATC: G03GB02 (Genito urinary system and sex hormones | Gonadotropins and other ovulation stimulants | Ovulation stimulants, synthetic)
Clomifene (or clomiphene) is a medication primarily used to treat infertility in women. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that stimulates ovulation by increasing the secretion of gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone - FSH and luteinizing hormone - LH). It is indicated in cases of anovulation (lack of ovulation) or irregular ovulation, such as in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Clomifene works by blocking estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, which leads to increased secretion of FSH and LH by the pituitary gland. These hormones stimulate the development of ovarian follicles and the release of eggs, thereby increasing the chances of conception. The treatment is usually administered orally, starting on days 2-5 of the menstrual cycle, for 5 days.
While effective, clomifene can cause side effects. The most common include hot flashes, nausea, headaches, breast tenderness, and bloating. In rare cases, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) may occur, causing severe abdominal pain and fluid accumulation in the abdomen. Additionally, clomifene use increases the likelihood of multiple pregnancies (twins or triplets).
Clomifene should be used as directed by a doctor, and patients should be monitored during treatment to assess ovarian response. It is important not to exceed the recommended duration of treatment (usually a maximum of 6 cycles), as prolonged use may increase the risk of complications. If severe side effects or unusual symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is necessary.