Indicated for: gout; hyperuricemia
Route of administration: oral
Substance: allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor)
ATC: M04AA01 (Musculo-skeletal system | Antigout preparations | Preparations inhibiting uric acid production)
Allopurinol is a medication used for the treatment and prevention of hyperuricemia (elevated uric acid levels in the blood), which can lead to conditions such as gout, uric acid nephropathy, or kidney stones. It is also indicated for patients undergoing cancer treatments, as these can increase uric acid levels.
Allopurinol works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, thereby reducing the production of uric acid in the body. It is taken orally, usually once daily, with the dose adjusted based on uric acid levels and the patient’s response to treatment.
Side effects may include skin rashes, nausea, diarrhea, or, in rare cases, severe allergic reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome. It is important for patients to stay well-hydrated during treatment to prevent kidney stone formation. The medication should be taken as prescribed by a doctor, and regular monitoring of kidney function and uric acid levels is essential.