Indicated for: glaucoma; edema; epilepsy
Route of administration: oral
Substance: acetazolamide (glaucoma agent)
ATC: S01EC01 (Sensory organs | Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)
Acetazolamide is a medication primarily used as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, with diuretic effects and the ability to reduce intraocular pressure. It is indicated for the treatment of glaucoma, edema associated with heart failure or other conditions, and for the prevention and treatment of altitude sickness.
By inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, acetazolamide reduces bicarbonate formation, leading to decreased sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, resulting in a diuretic effect. In glaucoma, it decreases the production of aqueous humor, thereby lowering intraocular pressure.
Common side effects include fatigue, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, electrolyte imbalances (such as hypokalemia), and tingling sensations in the extremities. In rare cases, it may cause severe allergic reactions or metabolic acidosis.
Acetazolamide should be used with caution in patients with renal failure, liver failure, or electrolyte imbalances. It is important for patients to follow their doctor's instructions and monitor for any adverse effects.