NOCDURNA 50mcg oral lyophilized medication leaflet

H01BA02 • desmopressin • Systemic hormonal preparations, excluding sex hormones and insulins | Posterior pituitary lobe hormones | Vasopressin and analogues

Desmopressin is a synthetic analog of the antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) used to treat conditions involving imbalances in water retention or kidney function. It is primarily indicated for the treatment of central diabetes insipidus, primary nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting), and, in some cases, hemophilia A or von Willebrand disease, to increase levels of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor.

Desmopressin works by stimulating V2 receptors in the kidneys, leading to increased water reabsorption in the renal tubules. This mechanism helps reduce urine output, preventing dehydration and controlling symptoms associated with polyuria (excessive urination). In hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease, desmopressin stimulates the release of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor from endothelial stores.

While effective, desmopressin may cause side effects. The most common include headaches, nausea, abdominal cramps, and water retention. In rare cases, it can cause hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood), which may lead to severe symptoms such as confusion, seizures, or even coma. It is important for patients to adhere to fluid intake restrictions to prevent water overload.

Desmopressin should be used as directed by a doctor, and patients should be regularly monitored to assess sodium levels and kidney function. It is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment, hyponatremia, or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). If severe side effects or unusual symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is necessary.