Indicated for: HIV-1 infection; chronic hepatitis B
Substance: lamivudine (nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
ATC: J05AF05 (Antiinfectives for systemic use | Direct acting antivirals | Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
Lamivudine is an antiviral drug used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and chronic hepatitis B. It belongs to the class of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and works by blocking viral replication, preventing the virus from multiplying in the body.
It is used in combination therapy for HIV, helping to suppress viral load and maintain immune system function. In chronic hepatitis B, lamivudine can reduce liver inflammation and slow disease progression, although prolonged use may lead to viral resistance.
It is administered orally, once daily, and is well tolerated by most patients. Compared to other antivirals, it has a favorable safety profile, making it suitable for long-term use.
Side effects may include nausea, headache, fatigue, diarrhea, and, in rare cases, liver impairment or lactic acidosis. Regular monitoring is recommended to prevent the development of drug resistance.