Indicated for: hypoglycemia
Route of administration: injectable
Substance: glucagon (hormone)
ATC: H04AA01 (Systemic hormonal preparations, excluding sex hormones and insulins | Glycogenolytic hormones)
Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas, used as a medication to treat severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), particularly in people with diabetes who use insulin. Glucagon works by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream, rapidly increasing blood sugar levels.
It is available as an injection or nasal spray and is typically used in emergency situations when the patient is unconscious or unable to consume food or drinks to raise their blood sugar. The injection can be administered intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or intravenously by a trained individual.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, or injection site reactions. In rare cases, it may cause severe allergic reactions. After glucagon administration, the patient should consume carbohydrates to prevent a recurrence of low blood sugar.
Glucagon is a life-saving measure in cases of severe hypoglycemia and should be used as directed by a healthcare provider. It is important for people with diabetes and those around them to be trained in the proper use of this medication.